上海市冬季大气中PBDEs的分布及趋势分析

利用被动采样器采集了上海地区15个采样点冬季的大气样品,对其进行索氏提取和层析净化等前处理后采用GC-MS进行定性定量分析,10种待测多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)目标化合物均被检出。将2008、2013和2014三个年度上海市冬季大气PBDEs监测结果进行比较分析,各年度的∑_(10)PBDEs质量浓度均值分别为5.7 pg/m~3、17.28pg/m~3和61.31 pg/m~3,在监测年限内有明显的上升趋势。经同系物分析,低溴代物(五溴代物以下)为上海大气中的主要污染物,其中BDE-49与BDE-47贡献较大,占到了总质量浓度的45.39%和24.68%,是主要的污染同系物。对监测点分区比较发现,上海城区的∑_(10)PBDEs质量浓度明显高于郊区。

Investigation of the distribution and the trend of the atmospheric PBDEs in winter season in Shanghai

In order to investigate the actual spatial atmospheric distribution situation in-situ of the pollutants of the polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)in Shanghai,we have chosen 15 sampling points in the city in winter.To achieve the goal of our investigation,we have first of all managed to collect the air samples,that is,the PUF(polyurethane foam)passive air samplers for the 3 months in the winter season (from December,2013,to March,2014).And,then,we have managed to make the collected samples treated with Soxhlet extraction and chromatographic purification(pretreated in the lab condition),both in qualitative and quantitative ways,to work out the following 10 targeted components,that is,those of PBDEs(BDE-17,PBEB,BDE-49,BDE-47,BDE-100,BDE-99,BDE-85,BDE-154,BDE-153 and BDE-138)respectively in a content concentration range of Σ10PBDEs from 24.18 pg/m3 to 83.26 pg/m3,with the mean value of Σ10PBDEs being 61.31 pg/m3,whereas the average concentrations of Σ7 PBDEs (BDE-47,BDE-99,BDE -100,BDE-28,BDE-153,BDE-154 and BDE-183) are 8.44 pg/m3 (laboratory test of 7 kinds of homologues).The results of the comparative analysis of all the said samples aforementioned show that Σ10 PBDEs means in each year are 5.7 pg/m3,17.28 pg/m3 and 61.31 pg/m3 respectively,which represents a clear growing trend during the aforementioned monitoring period.That is to say,the total amount of PBDEs remains in the growing trend for the short term,the long term variation of PBDEs levels will be continued in the near future in the said region.What is more,we have also made a brief analysis of the sources of PBDEs subsequently by using the same results of the above investigations,noticing that the compositional pattern of PBDEs represents in two dominant congeners,that is,PBDE-49 and PBDE-47,which account for 45.39％ and 24.68％ of Σ10 PBDEs,respectively.Both of them belong to the low brominated biphenyls.And,comparatively speaking,the components of the low brominated biphenyls stand far more predominant than those of the high brominated biphenyls.Thus,it can be concluded that the total concentrations of PBDEs in the city's urban areas tend to be higher than those in the suburban areas,and,correspondingly,the urban and the industrial quarters of the city should account for the predominant pollution source of the atmospheric PBDEs.