驾驶人视觉注意力需求与驾驶行为特性的关系

采用驾驶模拟系统平台,以不同车道类型及不同交通流状态(自由流/稳定流/不稳定流/强制流)为虚拟试验场,应用心理试验设计方法,测试得到21名被试在不同交通流状态下的视觉注意力需求及驾驶行为。对5种车道类型及4种交通流状态下被试驾驶时的视觉注意力需求特性和驾驶行为特性数据进行分析,得到不同车道不同交通流状态下的视觉注意力需求变化情况。利用多元回归方法分析了不同交通流状态下驾驶人视觉注意力需求与驾驶行为之间的关系,并构建了基于驾驶行为特性的驾驶人视觉注意力需求预测模型。结果表明,驾驶人视觉注意力需求与制动次数、油门踏板位移和车辆轨迹偏差之间存在相关关系。

Analysis of the relation between the visual attention demand and the motivation characteristics of the driving behavior

This paper is aimed to identify and determine the relation between the visual attention demand and the driving behavior of the drivers through a simulation system consisting of different kinds of lanes and different traffic flow status-in-situ (the free flow state/the stable flow state/the unstable flow state and the forced flow state) through a series of the testing methods of psychological experiments.While the drivers' visual attention demand plays an important role in preventing traffic accidents and reducing the traffic accident rates effectively,the other side of the research goal is also needed to examine and determine the visual attention demand by the driver when he or she performs the secondary task (repeating the randomly numbers correctly) in the entire driving process,when they promise to fulfil the primary task (promising the driving safety).In our simulated study,we have invited 21 professional drivers to join us in our measuring test as subjects in the experiment for the secondary tasks.And,then,we have made an analysis of the data about the visual attention demand characteristics and the driving behavior features of the subjects in the five types of multi-lane road(that is,the roads with 8-lane,6-lane,4-lane,2-lane of the road with the isolation zone,whereas the other 2-lane without) so as to find the changes of the visual attention demand of the subjects when they are driving on the said different lanes with all the said lanes being in the traffic.Through the analysis of the testing results,it has been found that on the 8-lane road with free,steady and forced flow traffic,while the drivers have to pay enough or maximum visual attention.Under the forced traffic flow states,it is necessary for the drivers to pay greatest visual attention when they drive on the 8-lane,6-lane,4-lane,and 2-lane in the isolation zones.That is to say,the drivers are busy in identifying and determining the visual attention demand and their own driving behaviors in different traffic flow states with the multivariate regression method and the predictive method on the basis of their driving behavior characteristics.Thus,the results of our analysis indicate that there exists a close correlation between the driver's visual attention demand and the brake performance,the acceleration and the vehicle trajectory deviation,which should be exercised on the theoretical basis of the traffic accident analysis and the accident prevention principle.