基于多种空间静态指标的土地生态安全评价——以精河县为例

生态安全是区域可持续发展的核心问题,是地区安全和社会稳定的重要组成部分。以精河县为例,综合应用数字高程模型(DEM)、TM遥感数据和各种数据,在地理信息系统(GIS)支持下建立了生态安全指标体系。结果表明,1)精河县生态安全水平呈现明显的空间差异性,整体由中部绿洲向周边逐渐降低。2)从空间分布来说,研究区中部的土地生态安全要优于北部和南部,中部大部分土地处于安全和临界安全状态;南部山地土地生态安全类型分布零散,临界安全区、安全区交叉分布;极不安全和临界安全区集中在艾比湖周围、古尔班通古特沙漠及南部山区;很安全区所占比重较小,集中在绿洲内部。3)1998年和2013年各生态安全等级分布面积由大到小排序为生态安全区、生态临界安全区、生态极不安全区、生态很安全区。研究表明,精河县土地生态状况整体良好,与实际情况相符合。今后应加强土地利用结构优化,减少水土流失与土壤的盐渍化,保证土地生态系统健康稳定。

Land eco-security assessment in the Jinghe County based on a variety of spatial static indexes

The paper would like to take Jinghe County,Xinjiang,as a case study sample for establishing an ecological security index system based on GIS.In proceeding with our research,we have conducted our case study by using the DEM data,the TM remote sensing data and some other various data concerned we have chosen from the actual local and regional characteristic features.From the point of view of the ecological security criteria in reference to the currently available literature,we have classified the ecological security indexes into four grades,such as the highly security grade,security grade,critical security grade and the extremely insecure grade.The results of our study have shown that:the actual ecological security situation of the County for the time being can reflect the actual spatial variety,which can be adopted to represent a gradually descending trend from the central oasis to the surrounding areas of Jinghe County.From the perspective of the spatial distribution,it can be said that the terrestrial eco-security in the centra part of the area under study is in a better position than the northern and the southern parts,whereas the actual situation of the areas covering the mountainous places of the southern part of the area belongs to the category of security and the critical security.The extremely insecure and critical security areas are mainly situated around the Ebinur Lake and the Gurbantunggut Desert.In addition,the proportion of highly secure area is less and mainly located in the oases.What is more,the areas of respective ecological security grades in 1998 and 2013 can be categorized as follows in a descending order:e.g.security ＞ critical security ＞ extremely insecure ＞ very security.Thus,it can be concluded that,the land eco-security situation can generally be regarded healthy and sound in accordance with the national standards in environmental protection in the county.The above research results are expected to provide a scientific reference to the establishment of the ecological security pattern.However,it remains of great need to take more effective protective measures in the future to optimize the land use structural pattern,so as to avoid water and soil erosion and salinization for the human health and social stability in terms of the land ecosystem.