2002-2014年我国煤矿重特大事故特征及发生规律研究

为了研究我国煤矿重特大事故的一般规律,分析了2002-2014年我国煤矿发生的421起重特大事故,得到我国煤矿重特大事故的基本特征.利用统计分析法从地域、类型、所有制3个维度综合分析了421起煤矿重特大事故.结果表明:山西、贵州、河南、黑龙江和湖南5个省份的重特大事故起数和死亡人数分别占全国总数的56.1％和56.8％,是我国需重点监管和治理的省份,并对山西、河南和黑龙江3省重特大事故频发的原因进行了分析;瓦斯事故和水害事故的发生起数及死亡人数占比分别为83.3％和86.3％,是需要重点防治的事故类型;国有重点煤矿重特大事故平均每起死亡人数为29.87,且近两年重特大事故起数和死亡人数均大幅度上升,是需要重点防范的对象;乡镇煤矿重特大事故起数及死亡人数下降速度均较快,但事故起数和死亡人数仍较多,是国家重点监控、治理的对象.

Trace-pursuing study of the extremely severe accidents and casualties of the coal mines in China during the period of 2002-2014 and an analysis of their features and regularities

The present paper has done a comprehensive review and analysis of the basic characteristics and regularities of the extremely severe accidents and casualties of the coal mines in China during the period of 2002-2014.Statistically speaking,the total number of such extremely severe accidents and casualties in the field of coal mines stands for 421 in the above said period,which were scattering in the three dimensions in accordance with the region,the size and type,and then the ownership.The results show that Shanxi,Guizhou,Henan,Heilongjiang and Hunan are the five key provinces should account for 56.1％ of all the accident cases and 56.8％ of the total death casualty,respectively.The paper has also analyzed the causes leading to the frequency of the severe and great casualties in the provinces of Shanxi,Henan and Heilongjiang,who enjoy large numbers of small and middlesized coal mines,which experience longstanding excavation with out-of-date mining conditions and backward production equipment and mining technologies,not speaking of automation and informationalization in the coal mining routine.The paper has also analyzed in detail the status-in-situ of the inadequacy of safety super.vision and consultation institutions and the low-level coal production facility maintenance.For them,gas and flooding crash accidents are the key types beyond the realistic management control,for the severe casualties in the gas and flooding frustration may account for 83.3％ of the accidents and 86.3％ of the total industry sphere,respectively.Nevertheless,the state-owned key coal mines have still been emphasizing prevention as the chief targets,though the average casualty rate accounts for 23.7 persons in each accident.What is more,severe casualty frequency has been substantially rising in the recent two years.However,it is a great pleasure for us to see that there has been a declining tendency of accidents and casualty size for the township-owned coal mines year by year,they are still the focus of the targets for the state and the government to strive for reducing the absolute number of accidents and casualty to the minimalist level.