废弃火药在工业炸药中的再利用研究进展

介绍了废弃发射药及固体推进剂在工业炸药中的资源化利用技术,概述了含火药的粉状炸药、浆状炸药、乳化炸药、铵油炸药及灌注型炸药的爆轰性能,分析了各类炸药的工艺生产、使用及安全环保等特点。粉碎后的火药颗粒(Φ≤5 mm)可用于制备粉状炸药,也可利用现有的工业炸药生产工艺,将火药作为敏化剂加入浆状炸药、乳化炸药/乳化基质中,或将大颗粒火药直接与铵油炸药混合。这些方法工艺简单,且火药的加入有利于提高炸药的爆轰性能。尤其是含火药颗粒的灌注炸药生产工艺更简单、安全性更高,避免了火药粉碎工艺,废弃火药的再利用率高,而且炸药的爆轰性能优良,爆速大于6000 m/s,用作震源药柱或露天炸药等具有良好的应用前景。国内已成功地将废弃发射药再利用于工业炸药中,取得了良好的效益。借鉴国内外的研究成果,结合工业炸药的发展趋势,目前应重点进行废弃复合固体推进剂的应用研究。

Research review on the recycled-use of the waste propellants in the industrial explosives

This paper is aimed at presenting a research review on the recycled-use of the waste propellants in the industrial explosives through the introduction of the resource utilization technology of the waste gun-powder and the solid propellant in different kinds of industrial explosives.For the said purpose,we have summarized the detonation performance of such kinds of explosives,such as the powderexplosives,the slurry explosive,the emulsion explosive,the ammonium nitrate-fuel oil explosive (ANFO explosive) and the perfusion explosive.At the same time,we have also done an analysis of the production process and the environmental protection problem with the aforementioned explosives.As a matter of fact,the crushed propellant powder(Φ ≤ 5 mm) can be mixed with ammonium nitrate and other additives to prepare powder explosives.However,for the time being,it has become an urgent essential environmental issue to destroy or dispose of them reasonably and rationally.In addition,they can also be used as sensitizer ingredients for ordinary water gel explosives,emulsion explosives,the emulsion demulsions,or large propellant particles directly mixed with ANFO explosive through the current industrial explosive production process.What is more to be stressed is that such methods are simple in operation,effective in resource development and environment-friendly.In addition,the waste propellant can be reused as energetic component,which is beneficial for heightening the detonation performance of the general explosives.Particularly speaking,the production of perfusion explosives with large-size propellant particles can be further simplified to be entitled with greater safety.As compared with the above mentioned traditional methods,since it is a kind of recycled production,it would be possible to get rid of the propellant crushing process and renovate the re-cycled usage of the waste propellants.Furthermore,as the perfusion explosive itself enjoys an excellent detonation performance (whose detonation velocity is above 6 000 m/s),it is specifically suitable tobe used as seismic charge or open cast explosives.Besides,the forsaken gun propellants can be successfully reused as the industrial explosives with nice benefit to be brought up about.Thus,it can be concluded that,based on the research results both at home and abroad,in accordance with the state strategic policy to develop new sorts of explosives in combination with reuse of the waste,it is of extremely great importance to put emphasis on the application of the waste composite solid propellants,which is both practical and attractive.