北京市居家空气微生物污染特征

在北京市选取31户有1岁至10岁儿童的家庭进行空气微生物取样,系统研究了室内家庭空气微生物污染特征.结果表明,北京市居家环境空气微生物总浓度变化范围为269～13066 CFU·m-3,均值为2658 CFU· m-3,空气细菌浓度变化范围为47 ～ 12341 CFU·m-3,均值为1821 CFU·m-3,空气真菌浓度变化范围为62～3498 CFU·m-3,均值为837 CFU·m-3.空气细菌和真菌浓度百分比分别为61.0％和39.0％,细菌浓度明显高于真菌浓度.居家环境优势细菌属依次为微球菌属(Micrococcus)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)和库克菌属(Kocuria),4属细菌百分比约占63.1％ ～70.9％,优势真菌属为青霉属(Penicillium)、枝孢属(Cladosporium)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)、链格孢属(Alternaria)和茎点霉属(Phoma),分别约占总数的36.0％、17.8％、9.3％、5.3％和3.6％.文中最后针对北京市居家环境空气微生物污染的现状及其来源,从宠物饲养、空调清理、室内外优良环境的保持及垃圾处理、室内花卉种植等方面提出了治理建议.

Characteristics of airborne microbial pollution in indoor environments in Beijing

The characteristics of airborne microbial pollution indoor were investigated. Indoor air samples were collected with imitated six-stage Andersen samplers in 31 family homes with children in Beijing. Results showed that the total microbial concentration, bacterial concentration and fungal concentration ranged from 269 CFU·m^-3 to 13066 CFU·m^-3, 47 CFU·m^-3 to 12341 CFU·m^-3, and 62 CFU·m^-3 to 3498 CFU·m^-3, respectively, and the mean concentration was 2658 CFU·m^-3, 1821 CFU·m^-3, and 837 CFU·m^-3, respectively. The concentration percentage of bacteria and fungi was 61.0% and 39.0%, and the bacterial concentration was significantly higher than that of airborne fungi. Amongst all the airborne bacteria, Micrococcus was the most dominant bacterial genus, followed by Bacillus, Staphylococcus and Kocuria. These four bacteria genera in total accounted for about 63.1% to 70.9% of total airborne bacteria. The predominant fungal genera were Penicillium (36.0%), Cladosporium (17.8%), Aspergillus (9.3%), Alternaria (5.3%), and Phoma (3.6%). Finally, the control strategies of airborne microbial pollution from pet raising, air conditioner cleaning, indoor and outdoor environment preservation, refuse disposal, and indoor flower planting were provided based on the pollution characteristics of airborne microbes in family homes in Beijing.