Effect of colloid-size copper-based pesticides and wood-preservatives against microbial activities of Gram-positive Bacillus species using five-day biochemical oxygen demand test |
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Authors: | Ayenachew Tegenaw George A Sorial Endalkachew Sahle-Demessie |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, 701 Engineering Research Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, USA;2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solution and Emergency Response, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA |
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Abstract: | Copper-based pesticides and wood preservatives could end up in the environment during production, use, and end-of-life via different pathways that could cause unintended ecological and adverse health effects. This paper provides the effect of colloid-size Cu-based pesticides (CuPRO and Kocide), micronized Cu azole (MCA-1 and MCA-2) and alkaline Cu quaternary (ACQ) treated woods, Cu2+, Cu2+ spiked untreated wood (UTW), and CuCO3 solutions against Gram-positive Bacillus species using five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) standard test. The total Cu leached from MCA-1, MCA-2, and ACQ in Milli-Q water after 5 days were ~0.1, ~0.11, and ~0.64 g/kg of wood, respectively. However, the form of Cu leached from MCA woods was mostly ionic (> 90%). The total organic carbon (TOC) content of any tested wood (UTW/MCA-1/MCA-2/ACQ) was ~99% of its corresponding total carbon (TC) content, whereas the TOC of any tested wood sawdust exceeded that of its corresponding piece/block by > 300%. The dissolved oxygen (DO) consumption value in the presence of Cu2+, CuCO3, CuPRO, and Kocide solutions was significantly influenced by Cu particles/ions. However, the DO consumption value in the presence of UTW/MCA-1/MCA-2/ACQ woods was significantly influenced by organics leached from woods. On the other hand, the DO consumption of MCA sawdust was greater than (300%) that of MCA pieces/block. The findings of this study provide more insight into how organics leached from woods significantly reduce the toxic effects of Cu ions against Gram-positive Bacillus species. |
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Keywords: | Corresponding author 5 Colloid-size Cu-based pesticides DO consumption Leaching Wood preservatives |
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