中国旅游扶贫地空间分布格局及成因

旅游扶贫试点村是中国实施旅游扶贫的重要载体,是精准扶贫理念的集中体现。本研究以全国560个旅游扶贫试点村为研究样本,综合运用空间分析、相关性分析等方法探究了中国旅游扶贫地的空间分布格局和成因。研究表明:1试点村在地理空间上呈现凝聚型分布状态,地带间分布差异较小,西部分布稍多于东部,中部相对最少,与传统认知上的贫困村分布格局存在错位现象。2试点村系统分形特征明显,存在局部围绕贫困山区集聚的情况,空间分布上呈现不等概率分布状态,分形结构较为复杂。3试点村分布密度最大区域为燕山-太行山、罗霄山、沂蒙山和武夷山-南岭山区,其次为六盘山、秦巴山、武陵山、大别山和滇桂黔等山区,且大都高密度分布在各省区边缘和交界地带,呈现"大集聚、小分散"的空间分布格局。4中国旅游扶贫地的空间格局的形成主要原因有旅游资源禀赋、地形海拔高度、交通因素及政府政策导向四个方面。5优质的旅游资源禀赋、较高的地形海拔高度、落后的交通条件以及强有力的地方政策支持可以作为试点村的评选标准;并从空间上建议增加中西部试点村布点;对空间上集聚在贫困山区的试点村其旅游扶贫应注意保护性开发利用原生态的自然环境,深挖地域文化符号;各省区边缘和交界地带试点村应加强区域旅游合作。最后结合试点村的分布和致贫的原因,把试点村划分为资源利用不足型、山地环境制约型、交通区位非优型、政策支持欠缺型四种类型,从而提出针对不同类型试点村旅游扶贫路径。

Spatial distribution pattern and formation of pro-poor tourism pilot villages in China

Pilot villages are important implementing measures of the pro-poor tourism (PPT) idea, which is known as the concentrated reflection of the precise poverty alleviation concept.Taking China's 560 PPT pilot villages as the research objects, applying methods such as spatial analysis and correlation analysis, this study explored the spatial distribution pattern and influencing factors of them.Conclusions were as follow:①In general, the PPT pilot villages presented an agglomerate geo-spatial distribution. They mostly distributed in western and eastern regions while the middle region held slightly less villages than western and eastern regions, which showed a mismatch with the traditional perception that most of poverty villages were located in western China.②Obvious complicated fractal characteristics and unequal spatial probability distributions were found among pilot villages.Some of the villages gathered around poor mountain regions.③ The most densely distributed areas were edge zones of different provinces, such as Yanshan Mountain & Taihang Mountains, Luoxiao Mountain, Yimeng Mountain and Wuyi & Nanling Mountains, and followed by Liupanshan, Qinbashan, Wuling, Dabie mountains, and mountainous areas of Yunnan, Guangxi and Guizhou provinces, which presented an pattern of regional gathering and punctiform scattered.④ There are four main influencing factors of the distribution of PPT pilot villages: tourism resources endowment, landform, traffic conditions and government policies.⑤ Based on the four influencing factors, four selection standards are proposed: high quality tourism resource endowment, high terrain elevation, poor traffic conditions and strong local policy support.Suggestions focused on spatial distributions are raised: firstly, to elect more pilot villages in west China, and to make the best of their local culture;secondly, to facilitate more tourism cooperation between different villages.All pilot villages are divided into four types: type of poor resource utilization, type of restricted by mountains, type of poor traffic location and type of weak policy support, and improving measures are proposed according to different types.