环境约束下中国地区能源全要素效率及其影响因素

当下中国经济发展面临以节约能源消费和减少CO2排放作为主要目标的经济结构转型压力。在能源约束条件下如何提高能源效率实现经济可持续增长,能源效率问题作为研究中国经济可持续增长是必要的且具有十分重要的现实意义。本文基于Metafrontier GML指数方法,构建动态综合的污染强度指标作为非期望产出,测算中国地区2004—2013年28个省份的绿色能源效率,进而对中国区域之间与区域内部技术效应进行分解,并对其收敛性和影响因素进行分析。研究结果发现,中国东部地区技术赶超、创新和领先效应是显著的,东部地区辽宁省技术"领先效应"并不明显,导致该地区能源效率并未有提高;中部地区的技术创新效应不明显,但能源效率均有明显提高;而西部地区只存在技术创新效应,此地区的技术前沿与全国范围的共同技术前沿差距较大,特别是此地资源型地区的技术改进效率不高。其次,通过对能源效率的σ收敛和β收敛进行检验,发现中国地区能源效率在2004—2013年存在σ收敛但是不存在绝对β收敛。再次,对影响能源效率的因素进行回归分析,结果发现技术"赶超效应"、"创新效应"和"领先效应"均对能源效率的提高存在正向作用,产业结构升级和能源价格对能源效率的提高存在促进作用,但是增强环境规制强度会抑制能源效率的提高。这就意味着提高能源效率,对于不同地区需要"因地制宜",特别是对于资源型地区,需加大促进技术创新政策力度,缩小地区技术前沿与全国技术前沿的距离,制定合理的环境规制政策,进而促进能源效率的提高。

Total-factor energy productivity growth in China: a meta-frontierglobal Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index approach

The current transforming economic structure of China in confronted with two main challenges: saving energy and reducing CO2 emissions.Therefore, it is necessary to study how to improve energy efficiency for sustainable growth under environment constraints.Based on the concept of meta-frontier, this paper calculated technical efficiency change, technical change and technological gap under different technologies.It built the unexpected index of the dynamic integrated pollution intensity and measured total-factor energy productivity in 28 provinces of China over the period of 2004-2013.The empirical results showed that first eastern regions had taken the lead in the country frontier technology,while the middle and western regions were not good at catching-up effect.Second, total-factor energy productivity has σ convergence but not β absolute convergence in 28 provinces of China over the period of 2004-2013.Third, it showed that the composition of technology change, the energy price and the structure of industries, have promoted the growth of green total-factor energy productivity, but the strength of environmental regulation may inhibit the growth of total-factor energy productivity.Therefore, it is crucial to formulate the appropriate policies for improving total-factor energy productivity in different regions, especially promote the technology innovation policy for narrowing the gap between regional and national technology frontiers, and set up the reasonable environment regulations for improving the energy efficiency in the abundant-resource regions.