城市社区生活垃圾减量化的集成技术研究

针对我国城市社区垃圾管理中分类收集程度不足、厨余垃圾高水分含量的问题,研究了社区人工分类混合垃圾、厨余垃圾简易机械压缩、压缩后厨余垃圾和渗滤液的资源化利用相结合的集成技术模式.研究表明,生活垃圾的人工分拣效率为36.8kg/h,随分拣熟练程度提高而增加.社区分拣出的厨余垃圾有机质含量高达44.693%,营养元素N、P、K的含量分别为2.586%、0.649%和1.274%,C/N为17.427,而重金属含量仅为从混合垃圾集中分选出的可堆肥原料的0.07～0.82倍.厨余垃圾压缩脱水后含水率仍高达78.7%,影响后续堆肥效果.采用生物稳定和稀释的渗滤液浇灌凤仙花具有一定的肥效,植株干重是清水浇灌的1.46～2.94倍.基于社区人工分拣的集成技术模式可减排垃圾产生量的52.6%.

Integrating Technologies for Urban Communities' Municipal Solid Waste Minimization

Municipal solid waste management of urban communities has difficulties of insufficient source separation and food waste's high moisture content, an integrating technology of manual separation, simple compression of food waste, reclaim of food waste and composting leachate was studied. Manual separating rate was 36.8 kg/h, and would increase when the worker became sophisticated. Community separated food waste had high organic matter content of 44.493%, nutrients N, P, K contents of 2.586%, 0.649% and 1.274%, C/N ratio of 17.427, but 0.07-0.82 times lower heavy metals contents compared to centralized separation of mixed municipal solid waste. Moisture content of food waste was still 78.7%, high enough to have negative impacts of composting processes. Composting leachate processing with biological stabilization and dilution showed a fertilizer efficiency, and dry weight of impatiens irrigated with composting leachate was 1.46-2.49 times of tap water irrigation. Integrating technology based on community's manual separation could decrease 52.6% municipal solid waste.