我国河流湖泊砷污染研究进展

对我国14个省27处河流湖泊砷污染现状进行了归纳,认为我国河流湖泊砷污染严重,大部分水系中砷含量超过世界淡水砷背景值,最高达到1.9mg/L;水体表层底泥中砷含量范围为4.0～980.6mg/kg,44.5%的水体底泥属于中度及以上砷污染水平,矿业活动是导致砷污染的重要原因之一。在分析河流和湖泊中砷存在形态的基础上,简要探讨了砷的迁移转化过程及影响因素,我国水系表层沉积物中的砷以残渣态为主。比较了6种水体除砷方法,认为土壤法处理云南砷污染地表水更符合廉价、高效的原位修复技术要求。认为未来应加强对沉积物中砷形态的研究,并对河流和湖泊等地表水中砷的迁移转化做出系统的解释。

The Research Progress on the Arsenic Pollution of the Rivers and Lakes in China

Based on the review of the current arsenic pollution of the 27 rivers and lakes in the 14 provinces of China, it is considered that they are seriously polluted by arsenic. The content of arsenic in most water systems exceeds the arsenic background value of the world fresh water, with the maximum value up to 1.9 mg/L. The arsenic content in the upper sediment layer ranges from 4.0 - 980.6mg/kg. 44. 5% of the sediment is moderately polluted or even worse. Mining is one of the major causes for such pollution. After the morphological analysis of the arsenic in the upper sediment layer in waters, the migration and transformation of the arsenic and their impacts are discussed. The arsenic in the upper sediment layer in these waters exists mainly as residue. The comparison of the six arsenic removal methods in waters tells us the soil method is a cheap and efficient in - situ treatment. It is suggested to strengthen the morphological research of the arsenic in the sediment and to provide a systematic explanation about its migration and transformation in the surface waters like rivers and lakes.