表面活性剂对小花南芥（Arabis alpina L.var.parviflora Franch）累积铅锌的促进作用

研究了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）、鼠李糖脂（rhamnolipids）和皂角苷（saponins）等不同离子类型的表面活性剂对矿渣中重金属Pb和Zn的解吸效果,并采用盆栽实验研究了上述3种表面活性剂对Pb和Zn超富集植物小花南芥（Arabis alpina L.var.parviflora Franch）的生物量、吸收和富集重金属的影响。结果表明：3种表面活性剂对Pb的解吸效率是鼠李糖脂〉皂角苷〉CTAB,对Zn的解吸效率随处理质量浓度增加而增加,解吸率介于2.84%～10.84%之间;3种表面活性剂都能促进小花南芥叶长、根长、冠幅、地上部生物量及地下部生物量增加,与对照相比增加了1.06～1.92倍,除了表面活性剂CTAB处理质量浓度为7.5g.L^-1时,小花南芥叶长、冠幅、根长及地下部和地上部生物量都下降,分别为对照的0.61～0.88倍。添加三种表面活性剂都能显著促进小花南芥地下部和地上部累积Pb和Zn,并且位移系数和富集系数都大于1。这说明3种表面活性剂对小花南芥修复重金属铅和锌污染的土壤有促进作用。

Effects of surfactants on accumulate of lead and zinc in Arabis alpina L.var.parviflora Franch

The effects of three surfactants,CATB,rhamnolipids and saponins on desorption of lead and zinc in mine tailing was studied.The effects of three surfactants on quantity characteristics,plant biomass,uptake and accumulation of Pb and Zn in hyperaccumulator Arabis alpinal Var.parvi Flora Franch were investigated in pot experiments.The results showed that desorption efficiency of Pb was rhamnolipids saponins CTAB with three surfactants.Increases in desorption efficiency of Zn was observed with increases in three surfactants concentrations,desorption efficiency of Zn was 2.84%-10.84%.Main quantity characteristics,leaf length,root length,crown diameters,plant above biomass and root biomass,of Arabis alpinal Var.parvi Flora Franch were increased significantly by three surfactants,increased by 1.48-1.92 times than control except 7.5 g.L-1 CTAB treatment.Whilst 7.5 g.L-1 CTAB,decrease in leaf length,root length,crown diameters,plant above biomass and root biomass were observed in Arabis alpinal Var.parvi Flora Franch,decreased by 0.61-0.88 times than control.Three surfactants increased accumulation of lead and zinc in plant above and root of Arabis alpinal Var.parvi Flora Franch from contaminated soil,and 1.Three surfactants may improve restoration of soil pollution with lead and zinc by Arabis alpinal Var.parvi Flora Franch.