Experimental hazardous risk investigation of energetic styphnic acid analytical reagent in calorimetric analysis |
| |
| Institution: | 1. School of Safety Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, No. 21, Gehu mid-Rd., Wujin Dist., Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu, China;2. Department of Civil Engineering, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, 79409, TX, USA;3. Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, No. 123, University Rd., Sec. 3, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan, ROC;1. School of Safety Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu, China;2. College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, China;3. Institute of Industry and Trade Measurement Technology, College of Metrology and Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China;4. Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Chemicals Safety Testing Technology and Instruments, Hangzhou, China;1. Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LRGP, Nancy, France;2. INERIS, Parc Technologique ALATA, BP 2, F-60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France;1. School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China;2. Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Safety and Security Science Group (S3G), TU Delft, 2628 BX, Delft, the Netherlands;3. Faculty of Applied Economics, Antwerp Research Group on Safety and Security (ARGoSS), Universiteit Antwerpen, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium;4. CEDON, KULeuven, 1000, Brussels, Belgium;1. School of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi''an University of Science and Technology, Xi''an, Shaanxi, 710054, China;2. Yanzhou Coal Industry Co., Ltd., Shandong, 272000, China;3. Graduate School of Engineering Science and Technology, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliou, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan |
| |
| Abstract: | Analytical reagents identify and manage metal pollution, a major environmental issue. Regrettably, these compounds' safety concerns, especially when heated, have been neglected. This research examines the thermal hazard of the extremely reactive analytical reagent styphnic acid. Differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and accelerating rate calorimetry examined styphnic acid's thermodynamics. Thermogravimetric analysis showed weight loss reactions starting at 127 °C and peaking at 208 °C. Differential scanning calorimetry showed an endothermic peak at 176 °C. The accelerating rate calorimetry test showed that styphnic acid self-accelerates at 237 °C after 196.5 °C. Kissinger, Ozawa-Flynn-Wall, and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose thermokinetic models calculated apparent activation energy from 131.677 to 155.718 kJ/mol. A nonlinear regression analysis showed that styphnic acid undergoes a two-step autocatalytic reaction during heat degradation. Thermal safety was assessed by measuring time to conversion limit, maximum rate, total energy release, self-accelerating decomposition temperature, and adiabatic temperature rise. Styphnic acid is less stable at higher temperatures and its thermal hazards depend on heating rate. The computed SADT was 109.04 °C, with alarm and control temperatures of 104.04 and 99.04 °C, respectively. The risk matrix analysis based on Tad and TMRad suggests reducing thermal instability. This study on styphnic acid's thermal risks and safe storage and transit during analytical applications is beneficial. |
| |
| Keywords: | Thermal hazard Differential scanning calorimetry Thermogravimetric analysis Thermokinetic model Thermal safety |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
