部门水足迹及其经济效益的时空匹配特征研究

利用水足迹账户法,核算了2005—2015年张家口市市辖区、坝上和坝下三个区域的农业、工业、建筑业、服务业和生活等部门的水足迹,在此基础上分析不同产业部门水足迹经济效益的时空特征。研究结果表明：（1）马铃薯种植成为张家口市农业水足迹快速上升的最主要驱动因子。马铃薯对农产品水足迹的贡献率由10%上升至50%,成为优势农作物,但是主要集中在坝上地区。（2）工业水足迹下降了64%,市辖区下降最快;建筑业水足迹只有工业水足迹的1%~4%;服务业水足迹由571万m³上升至1436万m³,市辖区上升最快。（3）为实现节水目标,张家口市应继续调整种植业结构、最大限度利用降水,进一步减少灌溉用水;工业领域建立与水有关的投入产出表,并对工业内部产业结构和区域产业布局进行节水规划。

Spatiotemporal matching characteristics and economic benefits of sectoral water footprint

The per capita water resources of Zhangjiakou city in 2015 was only 332 m³, or less than 17% of the national level, even below the internationally recognized extreme water shortage standard of 500 m³ per capita. Therefore, water shortage has become one of the major factors restricting the sustainable development of the city. In this paper, we divide Zhangjiakou into three geographical regions: the municipal district, the Bashang area and the Baxia area. On this basis, the water footprint account method is used to calculate the water footprint of the agricultural, industrial, construction, service and domestic sectors of the study city and its three subregions in 2005-2015. Then, the matching levels between water footprint and economic benefits in different regions and sectors are analyzed, and its spatial and temporal differences are discussed in detail. The results show that: (1) Potato cultivation became the main driving factor for the rapid increase of agricultural water footprint in Zhangjiakou city. The contribution rate of potato to agricultural water footprint increased from 10% to 50%, thus potato became the dominant crop, which was mainly planted in the Bashang area. (2) The industrial water footprint decreased by 64%, and the municipal district experienced the fastest decline; the water footprint of construction industry accounted for only 1%-4% of the industrial water footprint; the water footprint of service industry increased from 5.71 million m³ to 14.36 million m³. The municipal district witnessed the largest rise. (3) It is recommended that Zhangjiakou should continue to adjust the planting structure, maximize the use of precipitation, and reduce irrigation water; establish a water-related input-output table in the industrial sector, and plan the industrial structure and layout of the industry within the goal of saving water.