以有机污染为主的河流治理技术研究进展

借鉴国外污染河流治理与修复的经验,并结合我国当前严重的河流污染形势,介绍了以有机污染为主的河流治理技术的研究进展。根据污染河水处理系统与河道的相对空间关系,河流治理技术可分为三类,第一类是将河水引出河道水系,引入附近的污水处理厂进行处理的异地处理法,其中截污工程是异地处理法的关键;第二类是在河道内建设处理系统,沿程进行河水净化的原位处理法,如河道内的曝气法、投菌法、生物膜法和化学法等;第三类是在河岸带上建设处理系统,将河水分流其中进行处理的旁路处理法,如建于河岸上的人工湿地处理系统、氧化塘以及多种形式的生物床或生物反应器等,旁路处理法起着人工强化河岸带的作用,是目前受污染河流治理中值得关注的一条新思路。受污染河流的具体处理方法及空间位置的选择,需要根据实际情况而定。

Development of the treatment technologies for organic polluted rivers

On the basis of reviewing some international experiences on the treatment for polluted rivers as well as analyzing the serious situation of river pollution in China,development of the treatment technologies for organic polluted rivers were introduced.According to the spatial relationship between a pollution treatment system and the riverway,river water treatment technologies can be cataloged into 3 types.The first type,called interception and diversion treatment,intercepts the polluted water in upper-river and induces them into a nearby wastewater treatment plant,in which the interception rate determines the treatment efficiency;the second type,called in situ treatment including river aeration,bacteria throwing,biofilm process and chemical methods that are set in the riverway,purifies the polluted river water as they flow by;the third type,called bypass treatment including constructed wetland,oxidation ponds,and many kinds of biological beds and biological reactors that are established on the riverbank,purifies the diffluent polluted river water and discharges them into the original riverway.Presently,the idea of bypass treatment has attracted much attention as the treatment system acts as an artifical riparian zone for restoration of river water.However,the treatment process and type for a special polluted river shall be determined by its actual situation and eco-environment.