春季渤海湾大型底栖动物群落结构特征研究

本文以2009年5月渤海湾近岸海域采集的大型底栖动物样品和环境资料为基础,分析其群落结构特征,并运用香浓-维纳多样性指数、AZTI海洋生物指数(AZTI's Marine Biotic Index,AMBI)和多元AZTI生物指数(Multivariate-AMBI,M-AMBI)对渤海湾底栖生态环境质量状况进行评价.结果表明,渤海湾底栖动物群落的物种数、栖息密度、生物量及多样性指数低值区皆集中在河口区、排污口区以及港口附近海域,群落结构比较脆弱,物种明显小型化、低质化.渤海湾受到干扰最严重的区域集中在黄骅港、蓟运河口、北塘排污口以及南、北排水河口区附近海域.盐度、水深等环境因子及围海造陆、污染物排放等人为干扰因素联合作用,直接或间接地影响渤海湾大型底栖动物群落.与历史资料相比,渤海湾底栖生物群落发生了较大变化,物种数、生物量和栖息密度急剧下降,河口、排污口区以及港口附近尤为明显;渤海湾环境质量状况可能较优于莱州湾、辽东湾.

Macrozoobenthos community structure of the Bohai Bay in spring time

Based on the macrozoobenthos and environmental materials collected in May 2009, the characteristics of macrozoobenthos community structure in the Bohai Bay were analyzed. The Shannon-Weiner Diversity index, AMBI and M-AMBI were used to assess the ecological status of the Bohai Bay. Results showed that the species compositions of macrozoobenthos community were dominated by some short-lived taxa which smaller size indicated that the community structure of Bohai Bay was unhealthy and unstable to a certain degree. Lower values of species number, density, biomass and diversity index were concentrated in the main estuaries, outlets and the adjacent areas of harbors. The most severely disturbed areas of Bohai Bay were in accordance with that of the community structure parameters, mainly concentrated in the Huanghua Harbor, Jiyun River estuary, Beitang Outlets, Nanpaishui River estuary and Beipaishui River estuary. The results of MDS analysis was also approximately in accordance with the above results. In general, the macrozoobenthos community structure of Bohai Bay was impacted directly or indirectly by human pressures, such as coastal engineering projects, pollutants discharges, land reclamations and aquaculture. Compared with the historical data, the macozoobenthos community structure of Bohai Bay had changed obviously, such as the decreased density and biomass, especially around the estuaries, outlets and harbors. Moreover, the offshore areas of this study area were also moderately or severely disturbed. According to the present data, the ecological status of Bohai Bay would be better than that of Laizhou Bay and Liaodong Bay.