中国镉超富集植物的物种、生境特征和筛选建议

植物修复作为一项绿色且有效的原位修复重金属污染土壤技术，在近20年引起了中国学者的关注并取得了一系列成果.通过检索镉超富集植物相关关键词，对过去20 a(2002～2021年)科技文献中报道的中国镉超富集植物的物种特征、野外发现地在中国各植被地带的分布、原生境特征、地质特征和镉的地球化学进行归纳总结，为镉超富集植物的筛选提供建议.结果表明，目前报道的镉超富集植物有45种.在植物物种上，隶属22科，36属，其中菊科(Compositae)植物最多，为14种.由野外调查发现的镉超富集植物有25种，主要发现于亚热带常绿阔叶林区域，其主要生长于铅锌矿周围的高浓度镉土壤上.归纳总结发现，丰富的植物物种资源、高浓度重金属土壤和长时间的驯化共同促进了超富集植物的形成.因此，具备这3点的区域可以视为超富集植物存在的高概率区域，并且超富集植物的野外筛选可以围绕此展开.最后，提出可以通过高概率区域识别和调查、富集能力验证、富集能力逆境习得筛查、生态型筛查、继代遗传检验和修复能力验证这6步，来进行超富集植物的筛选和植物超富集能力的鉴定.

Species, Habitat Characteristics, and Screening Suggestions of Cadmium Hyperaccumulators in China

Phytoremediation, as a green and effective in-situ remediation technology for heavy metal-contaminated soil, has attracted the attention of Chinese scholars and has resulted in a series of achievements over the past 20 years. In this study, the species characteristics, distribution of field discovery sites in various vegetation zones, habitat characteristics, habitat geological characteristics, and geochemistry of cadmium (Cd) of the Cd hyperaccumulators in China reported in the relevant literature from the past 20 years (from 2002 to 2021) were summarized by searching for related keywords. Finally, suggestions were proposed for the screening of new Cd hyperaccumulators. The results showed that a total of 45 species of Cd hyperaccumulators in China have been reported so far. In terms of plant species, they belonged to 22 families and 36 genera, among which Compositae with 14 species was the most abundant. There were 25 species discovered through the field investigation, which were mainly distributed in the subtropical broadleaf evergreen forest region of southern China. Additionally, the Cd hyperaccumulators discovered by field surveys were mainly found in high Cd-concentrated soils surrounding lead-zinc mines. In conclusion, abundant plant resources, high concentrations of heavy metal soils, and long-term domestication jointly promoted the formation of hyperaccumulators. Therefore, the region with these three points could be considered a high probability region for the presence of hyperaccumulators, and the screening of hyperaccumulators could be carried out around this. We proposed that the screening of new hyperaccumulators can be carried out through the following six steps:the identification and investigation of high probability areas, the enrichment capability test, the enrichment capability test in low concentration levels, the enrichment capability test between different ecotypes, the succession of enrichment capability, and the test of remediation proficiency.