三峡库区典型支流水库浮游动植物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系

为了探讨三峡库区典型支流水库（长寿湖）浮游动植物结构与环境因子间的关系，于不同季节对其水环境因子和浮游动植物进行调查，利用Pearson相关性分析法对调查结果进行分析.对浮游动植物的鉴定结果表明：浮游植物共有8门107种，主要由相对丰度达61%的蓝藻门组成，优势种群包括纤细席藻、点状平裂藻和类颤藻鱼腥藻这3种浮游植物.共鉴定出浮游动物4门82种，其中轮虫相对丰度达88%，其优势种群包括螺形龟甲轮虫、前节晶囊轮虫和盖氏晶囊轮虫等6种浮游动物.浮游动植物丰度、生物量和生物多样性指数的空间差异均不显著，除浮游动物生物多样性指数季节性差异不显著外，其余指标均有显著的季节性差异.夏季浮游植物的丰度最高，春季次之，冬季最低，而浮游动物春季丰度最高，春季浮游动植物的生物量均显著高于冬季.夏季浮游植物的种类数，Shannon-Wiener指数（H''）、Pielous均匀度指数（J）和Margalef丰富度指数（D）显著低于冬季和春季.水质评价结果表明，冬、春季节长寿湖水质处于清洁-寡污状态，夏季处于中度污染状态，长寿湖整体处于富营养化状态.影响长寿湖浮游动植物群落结构的环境因子包括：Chla、DOC、TP、NO₂^--N、NO₃^--N、NH₄⁺-N、DO、Eh和T.冬春夏3个季节影响浮游动植物群落结构的环境因子存在差异.

Structural Characteristics of Zooplankton and Phytoplankton Communities and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors in a Typical Tributary Reservoir in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region

Based on the data of zooplankton, phytoplankton, and water environmental factors in different seasons in a typical tributary reservoir in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Changshou Lake), this study explored the relationships between the structures of the zooplankton and phytoplankton communities and environmental factors using Pearson correlation analysis. The results showed that there were a total of 107 species of 8 phyla of phytoplankton, and cyanobacteria was the most critical constituent with a relative abundance of 61%. The dominant populations included Phormidium tenue, Merismopedia punctata, and Anabaena oscillarioides. A total of 82 species of 4 phyla of zooplankton were identified, and rotifers was the most abundant with a relative abundance of 88%. The dominant populations included six species, such as Keratella cochlearis, Asplanchna priodonta, and Asplanchna girodi. The spatial differences in the abundances, biomass, and biodiversity indexes of zooplankton and phytoplankton were not significant, whereas the seasonal differences in all the other indexes were significant, except for the zooplankton biodiversity indexes. The abundance of phytoplankton was the highest in summer, followed by spring, and it was the lowest in winter. The maximum abundance of zooplankton occurred in spring, and the biomass of zooplankton and phytoplankton in spring was significantly higher than that in winter. The number of phytoplankton species and the Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou''s uniformity index, and Margalef richness index in summer were significantly lower than those in winter and spring. The water quality evaluation showed that Changshou Lake was in a clean to oligo-pollution state in winter and spring and a moderate-pollution state in summer, thereby suggesting that Changshou Lake was in an overall eutrophic state. The environmental factors, including Chla, DOC, nutrients (TP, NO₂^--N, NO₃^--N, and NH₄⁺-N), DO, Eh, and T, influenced the structures of the zooplankton and phytoplankton communities in Changshou Lake, and there were seasonal differences in the environmental factors.