淋洗条件下砂土和粉土水盐运移过程的监测研究

土壤水盐运移过程和运移机制研究是盐渍土研究的核心问题,淋洗条件下土壤水盐运移动态规律是研究盐渍土形成、冲洗、排水、改良的理论基础.通过室内一维垂直入渗试验,采用自主研发的电阻率监测装置研究了砂土和粉土在淋洗过程中的水盐运移的动态变化特征.结果表明,监测装置的实时数据能够监测到两种土壤淋洗过程中电阻率峰值的下移和逐渐消失的过程,在每次淋洗后,砂土经过30 min达到水盐平衡,而粉土需要70 min.砂土每次淋洗脱盐的深度基本保持一致,约为35 cm,经过3次淋洗后土柱脱盐;粉土每次淋洗脱盐深度约为10 cm,经过7次淋洗后土柱脱盐.该监测装置可以针对不同土壤水盐运移的速率而设置其时间和空间分辨率从而实现水盐运移的远程、原位、动态监测,为盐渍化的监测、评估和预警提供了一种有效的手段.

Monitoring of Water and Salt Transport in Silt and Sandy Soil During the Leaching Process

Water and salt transport in soil and its mechanism is the key point of the saline soil research. The dynamic rule of water and transport in soil during the leaching process is the theoretical basis of formation, flush, drainage and improvement of saline soil. In this study, a vertical infiltration experiment was conducted to monitor the variation in the resistivity of silt and sandy soil during the leaching process by the self-designed automatic monitoring device. The experimental results showed that the peaks in the resistivity of the two soils went down and faded away in the course of leaching. It took about 30 minutes for sandy soil to reach the water-salt balance, whereas the silt took about 70 minutes. With the increasing leaching times, the desalination depth remained basically the same, being 35 cm for sandy soil and 10 cm for the silt from the top to bottom of soil column. Therefore, 3 and 7 leaching processes were required respectively for the complete desalination of the soil column. The temporal and spatial resolution of this monitoring device can be adjusted according to the practical demand. This device can not only achieve the remote, in situ and dynamic monitoring data of water and salt transport, but also provide an effective method in monitoring, assessment and early warning of salinization.