新疆伴生放射性煤矿监管体系初探

新疆是中国富煤省(区)之一,约占全国煤炭储量的40%。在长期的放射性科研、监测和环境影响评价工作中,发现部分地区的部分煤炭中伴生有较高的放射性核素,部分煤层甚至达到了核工业开采水平。然而关于伴生放射性煤矿监管方面的法律、法规尚未健全,监管体系尚处于探索之中。本文尝试从煤矿企业的地质勘探报告、辐射环境影响评价、项目竣工环境保护验收监测及监督性监测等环节入手,从源头上控制煤炭的放射性污染,初步探讨新疆伴生放射性煤矿监管体系。一方面将为企业的煤炭开发、煤渣利用提供技术指导,另一方面为新疆环境监管部门加强伴生放射性煤矿监管提供决策依据。

Study on Supervision System of Radioactive Coal Mine in Xinjiang

Xinjiang is one of China’s rich coal provinces（areas）and it accounts for about 40% national coal reserves.In the long-term study on radiation,monitoring and environmental impact assessment,it is found that parts of Yili and Hetian’s coal has higher radionuclide,and parts of coal seam even reached nuclear mining level.However the laws and regulations on radioactive coal mine supervision was not perfect,and the supervision system is still in the exploration process.This article started with the coal mine enterprises’ geological prospecting reports,radiation environmental impact assessment and monitoring report preparation for environment acceptance checking and supervisory monitoring,controlled the coal radioactive pollution from the sources,and carried out the research of building Xinjiang radioactive coal mine supervision system.The establishment of supervision system will provide technical guidance for the enterprises’ coal exploitation and cinders using on the one hand,and on the other hand will provide decision-making basis for strengthening the radioactive coal mine supervision for Xinjiang environmental regulators.