原油集输联合站故障树分析研究

采用故障树分析法对原油集输联合站生产工艺流程和危险危害因素进行分析,确定原油集输联合站的故障树因素表,以该站故障为顶上事件,以火灾爆炸、介质泄漏、其他危险作为故障树的中间事件,建立联合站故障树。通过定性定量分析,求取联合站故障树的最小割集为77组,进而确定故障树顶事件的事故发生概率为5.68×10-3和底事件结构重要度,得出影响集输联合站安全性的重要因素为通风不良、储罐密封不良、液体腐蚀、盘管穿孔和人员误操作等。因而提出加强原油集输联合站安全监察和监控措施,及时地发现和处理故障,以提高联合站运行安全可靠性和生产效率。

Study on Fault Tree Analysis of Crude Oil Gathering-transport Station

To determine the fault tree factor table of combination station, the production technological process and risk or hazard factors are analyzed by using FTA (fault tree analysis). The fault tree of combination station, with the fault of the station as the top event and fire explosion, medium leakage and other dangers as the middle events, is established. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, the 77 groups of minimum cut sets, the fault probability of the top event, which is 5.68×10-3, and the structural important degree of the bottom events are obtained. The result shows that main factors affecting the safety of combination stations are poor ventilation, poor seal of oil tanks, liquid cauterization, perforations of coiled pipe and people's mishandling. It is suggested that strengthening the safety supervision and control of crude oil gathering-transportation stations and quickly handling the faults would be very helpful to the reliability and efficiency of these stations.