铁路特长隧道火灾应急救援问题研究

以长27.53km的向莆铁路戴云山隧道为研究对象,提出特长隧道的火灾防灾救援总原则,并从其结构、设计、安全管理等方面论述,重点针对火灾防灾救援隧道"定点"设置问题,从设置定点的必要性、定点位置、长度、定点的引导通道、引导通道与主洞的联络横通道、定点处的渡线设置等几方面进行研究,确定了戴云山特长隧道定点设置方案以及定点内的固定消防设施、通风排烟、紧急警报、诱导避难等设备设置,对促进完善我国铁路特长隧道的火灾防灾救援和安全疏散规划管理等具有重要的实践意义。

Research on the Emergency Rescue of Fire in Super-long Railway Tunnel

By taking the 27.53-kilometer-long Daiyunshan tunnel of Xiangpu railway as the object of study, the general principles of fire disaster prevention and rescue in super-long tunnels have been proposed from the aspect of the structure, design and safety management of tunnels. Emphasis is put on the study of setting fixed points for fire prevention and rescue, such as the necessity of setting fixed points, the position and the length of the points, the guide channel of the points, the transverse pathway linking the guide channel and the main hole, the setting of the crossover of the points. Based on it, the plan of setting fixed point for Daiyunshan Tunnel is decided and the facilities for fire control, ventilation and smoke dis- charge, emergency alarm and sheltering are determined in this fixed point, which is of vital practical significance to the perfection of fire emergency rescue and evacuation plan in super-long railway tunnels in China.