不同年份太湖水域全氟化合物健康风险源解析对比

基于2010年和2019年太湖水样中全氟化合物（PFASs）的数据，对比了不同年份水体中PFASs的组分特征、来源和健康风险，并使用PMF源解析模型分别对2010年和2019年太湖水样中的PFASs进行了源解析，均识别出3种主要污染源，分别为涂料制造业（2010年29.59%，贡献率，下同，2019年67.69%）、纺织与电镀业（2010年25.68%，2019年10.26%）和氟化物加工制造业（2010年44.72%，2019年22.05%）.利用环境健康风险评估模型对水体中的PFASs （PFOA和PFOS）进行评价，发现2019年水体中PFASs的致癌风险（2.69E-07）明显小于2010年的风险值（4.56E-07），且鱼类摄入是重要暴露途径.采用PMF-健康风险混合模型解析了3种排放源的健康风险贡献率，结果表明纺织与电镀业源对健康风险的贡献率最高（2010年64.86%，2019年92.48%），其次是涂料制造业源（2010年为31.30%，2019年为5.04%）和氟化物加工制造业源（2010年3.84%，2019年2.48%）.相比于2010年，2019年水体中PFOA和PFOS等组分浓度大大降低，而PFBS和PFHxS浓度则大幅度升高，这与我国出台的PFOA和PFOS污染物的管控措施直接相关.建议加强对PFHxS等短链PFASs开展健康风险评估研究，适时采取合理的污染防控措施.

Comparison of Health Risk from Sources of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Taihu Lake for Different Years

Pollution characteristics and spatial distributions of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in surface water samples were investigated in Taihu Lake in 2010 and 2019, respectively. A hybrid model based on the positive matrix factorization (PMF) and the health risk assessment model were employed for quantifying the contributions of sources to PFASs concentrations and the source risks. The method contained two stages:1 the sources of PFASs were apportioned using the PMF model, and 2 the contribution of health risks from each source was quantitively estimated. Three factors (source categories) were extracted using PMF, including:coating industry sources, textile and electroplating sources, and fluoride-processing industry sources. Their contributions to PFASs concentration were 29.59%, 25.68%, and 44.72% for 2010 and 67.69%, 10.26%, 22.05%, for 2019, respectively. The health risk of PFASs in the water assessed by the health risk assessment (HRA) model was 4.56E-07 for 2010 and 2.69E-07 for 2019, which was lower than 1E-06. The source contributions to health risks estimated by the PMF-HRA hybrid model were:64.86% (2010) and 92.48% (2019) for textile and electroplating sources, 31.30% (2010) and 5.04% (2019) for coating industry sources, and 3.84% (2010) and 2.48% (2019) for fluoride-processing industry sources. For the two years, the concentrations of PFOA and PFOS were reduced significantly, indicating the effective control of their emissions during the past ten years in Taihu Lake. However, it was also shown that the concentrations of PFBS and PFHxS were increased. These findings suggest that the above short chain-PFCs species should be the focus for further control and management, and their health risks should be studied in future research.