基于内容分析法的河流健康内涵及表征

运用内容分析法对近10~15年中外文献中有影响力的36个河流健康概念进行分析，经过样本选取、指标提取、量化处理等过程提炼出最频繁出现的能代表其内涵的6个标准，即：维持结构完整性、自然生态功能发挥、满足人类社会合理需求、处于良好状态、河流管理工具和目标、建立河流基准状态。基于此，对河流健康概念进行了重新架构：河流健康是指河流生态系统特定的良好状况，可以作为河流基准状态以及河流管理的目标，在这一状态下，河流生态系统能够维持其生态系统结构完整性，充分发挥其自然生态功能，并满足人类社会合理需求，提供相应的社会服务功能。通过对30个有关河流健康表征指标及评价方法的文献进行分析，识别生物指标、水质参数、形态结构、河床底质、水文条件以及河岸带状况等是目前使用最广泛的6个指标，指出河流健康的表征指标及评价标准应根据区域特征、人类活动影响以及功能定位而有所差异。

CONCEPTUALIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF RIVER HEALTH FROM A DISTINCT CRITERIA APPROACH BY USING CONTENT ANALYSIS

A thematic content analysis has been applied to extract a set of common themes from the definitional literature.The steps were as followed:collection of samples,analysis of identified criteria,coding of definitions,recording of results in the conceptual framework,assessment of reliability and accuracy,and tabulation of results.The sample in this study includes 36 contemporary definitions of river health,all of which were published after 1995.Of the fourteen criteria used for analysis,six were identified as appearing most frequently in the definitional literature,including: maintaining structure integrity,exerting natural ecological function,meeting the demands of society,river ecosystem in good state,goal for river management,building reference condition for river.Based on these six distinct criteria,a definition for river health is presented.River health is a term used to describe the ecological condition of a river in good state,which can be used as a reference condition and the goal for river management.A healthy river is defined as a river,which retains the major ecological feature and natural functioning,and meets the demands of society.After the steps of content analysis,30 literatures were used in this paper to extract the most often used indicators for river health characterization.The results reveal that the indicators are water quality,aquatic life,physical form,bed condition,hydrology and streamside zone.Furthermore,indicators and its standard should be differential according to river function.