建筑工人安全行为习惯的塑造策略与方法

为帮助建筑工人养成良好的安全行为习惯，基于操作性条件反射理论，在开展两轮调查的基础上，分析建筑工人的安全心理和行为特点及其安全行为习惯的特性，提出建筑工人安全行为习惯的塑造策略和方法，设计应用方案并进行评价。结果表明:安全行为习惯具有稳定性、自觉性和自动性；安全行为习惯塑造以低起点、小坡度、抓细节、重坚持、多实践为核心要求，以班组层面的塑造活动为核心任务；安全行为习惯塑造在过程体验和长期效果方面具有优势，但在强制力和针对性方面存在不足。

Shaping strategies and methods of safety behavior habits for construction workers

In order to help the construction workers get correct safety behavior habits, based on operant conditioning theory and launching two rounds of investigation, the safety psychological and behavioral features of construction workers and the characteristics of safety behavior habits were analyzed. The shaping strategies and methods of safety behavior habits for construction workers were put forward, and the application plan was designed and an assessment was made. The results showed that the safety behavior habits have the characteristics of stability, consciousness and automaticity. The core requirements in shaping of safety behavior habits are the low starting point, small gradient, grasping details, emphasis on insistence and more practice, and the core tasks are shaping activity on teams and groups level. The shaping of safety behavior habits has some advantages in process experience and long-term effects, but has shortcomings in mandatory and pertinence.