典型硼化合物与磷酸二氢铵协效阻燃松木的燃烧性能及热解动力学研究

利用木垛法和热重分析法比较研究了硼酸、硼砂与磷酸二氢铵复配阻燃松木的燃烧性能、热解特性及热解反应动力学。结果表明，单种阻燃剂使用时，磷酸二氢铵的阻燃效果优于硼酸和硼砂；两两复配使用具有明显的协效作用，其中阻燃效果:磷酸二氢铵/硼酸＞磷酸二氢铵/硼砂＞硼酸/硼砂，而硼酸与磷酸二氢铵在质量比为2:3时，协效阻燃效果最好。与未处理松木相比，阻燃剂的加入降低了松木在热解阶段的初始分解温度和峰值分解温度，缩短了热解区间，并降低了松木在主要热解阶段的表观活化能，其中热解阶段活化能越低的阻燃松木在燃烧过程中成炭效果和阻燃性能越好。

Flammability and pyrolysis kinetics of flame retarded pine treated by typical boron compounds and NH4H2PO4

The flammability, pyrolysis characteristics and pyrolysis kinetics of boric acid, borax and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) in pine were analyzed by using of wood stack method and thermo-gravimetric analysis. The experimental results showed that the flame retardancy of ADP was better than boric acid and borax. The obvious synergistic effects among ADP, boric acid and borax were found, and the order of synergistic effectiveness was ADP/boric acid＞ADP/borax＞borax/boric acid. When the mass ratio of boric acid to ADP was 2:3, the synergistic effect was the best. In comparison with the untreated pine, the onset decomposition temperature, peak decomposition temperature and activation energy of pyrolysis process were reduced, and the pyrolysis temperature range was narrowed. Moreover, it was found that the lower activation energy at pyrolysis process acquired the better char forming effect and flame retardancy.