油气处理场站温室气体甲烷排放特征与量化

油气生产过程是甲烷重点排放源，对气候变化产生显著影响。采用便携式火焰离子检测器 (FID) 和Hi-Flow大流量仪等设备，对我国某油田3座油气处理场站甲烷泄漏排放特征进行了研究，明确了组件泄漏率，量化了重点源项甲烷排放速率，构建了设备设施甲烷排放因子，开展了甲烷排放量核算并提出了管控建议。结果表明，该油田油气处理场站设备组件与管线的甲烷泄漏率为0.7%~1.2%，压力表、阀门和储罐等在泄漏源项中占比较高。不同类型泄漏组件甲烷排放速率具有显著差异，处理场站的甲烷排放速率为111.66~274.63 L·min⁻¹。
单个储罐和场站的甲烷排放因子分别为989.9 L·h⁻¹和0.19 L·m⁻³。3座场站年度甲烷排放量为303 783.40 m³，储罐是首要排放源，对总排放量贡献占比为94.1%。组件泄漏导致的甲烷排放主要源于高强度排放源，15%的泄漏点贡献了排放量的88.4%。该研究结果可为油田油气处理场站泄漏防控和温室气体排放控制提供参考。

Characteristics and quantification of greenhouse gas methane emission from oil and gas processing plant

Oil and gas (OG) production processes are key methane emissions sources, having prominent climate implications. Three OG processing plant located in a typical oil field in China were measured using portable FID and Hi-Flow Sampler in this work. The component based leakage characteristics and emission rates were studied and quantified, and corresponding abatement and management suggestions were proposed. The leak detection and repair results suggested that 0.7%~1.2% component and lines have leak problem, with pressure gauge, valve and tank having the largest contribution. There are distinct differences among emission rates for OG processing related components, and 111.66~274.63 L·min−1 methane released from OG plant.
The established methane emission factor was 989.9 L·h−1 and 0.19 cubic meter per 1000 meters gas processed. In summary, almost 303 783.4 cubic meters methane were emitted from the measured sources annually, with tank contributing 94.1% total emission. As to component leak-related methane, most fraction derived from high emission source and 15% leaking point contributes more than 88.4% of leak-related methane.The research findings can provide reference for leak prevention and control and Greenhouse gas emission control in oil and gas processing plants.