长江流域武汉段典型湖泊中微塑料的的赋存特征及生态风险评估

塑料污染在环境中具有普遍性，对生态系统具有潜在的风险性，为新兴的全球性环境问题。武汉境内江河纵横、百湖密布，是全球同纬度地区和长江中下游湖泊型湿地的典型代表。调查了武汉湖泊表层水体中微塑料的分布特征，并采用生态风险指数 (RI) 评估了微塑料的生态风险。结果表明，微塑料丰度为2 000~7 733 items·m⁻³，远城区湖泊表层水体微塑料丰度通常高于城乡结合区湖泊，中心城区微塑料丰度具有显著差异。
湖泊中微塑料以纤维状为主，其次是碎片状，大小以<1 mm的小颗粒为主，主要颜色为透明和蓝色，主要成分为聚乙烯 (PE) 、聚丙烯 (PP) 和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯 (PET) 。武汉市典型湖泊表层水体中MPs生态风险指数为601.5~8 954，均属于危险或高危等级，且PE、PP和PET的生态风险指数普遍较高。该研究结果可为城市湖泊中微塑料污染治理提供参考。

Occurrence characteristics and ecological risk assessment of microplastics in surface water of Wuhan lakes in Yangtze River Basin

Microplastic pollution is widespread in the environment and has potential risks to the ecosystem. It is an emerging global environmental problem. Wuhan has typical lake wetland in the same latitude area of the world and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In this study, the distribution characteristics of microplastics in the surface water of lakes in Wuhan were investigated, and the ecological risk of microplastics was assessed by using ecological risk index (RI). Results showed that the abundance of microplastics ranged from 2 000 to 7 733 items·m−3. The abundance of microplastics in the surface water of lakes in suburban areas was generally higher than that in lakes in urban fringe and the abundance of microplastics in lakes within the central urban area was significantly diverse.
The detected microplastics were mainly fibrous, followed by fragmented, with small particles<1 mm in size, transparent and blue in color, and mainly composed of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The MPs ecological risk index of typical lake surface water in Wuhan City ranged from 601.5 to 8 954.0, which all fall under the category of “danger” or “extreme danger”, and the ecological risk index of PE, PP and PET was generally elevated. These results provide a theoretical basis for the management of microplastic pollution in urban lakes.