义乌市分质供水系统水质变化分析

为探究义乌市分质供水系统中水质及有机物的变化特征，分季度调研了3个水厂沿程水质的变化，并采用光谱技术与高分辨率质谱分析了处理工艺对溶解性有机质的去除效果。水质调研结果表明，传统工艺(混凝沉淀-砂滤)对总磷和氨氮的去除率分别达到80%与50%以上，但对水体中的总氮与总溶解性有机碳的去除效果差。双膜法(超滤-反渗透)全面优于传统工艺，可以将营养盐和有机物的浓度降至极低的水平(去除率>90%)。三维荧光结合平行因子分析结果表明，混凝沉淀仅对地表水中陆源腐殖质组分有明显的去除，对类蛋白质组分的去除效果较差。
高分辨率质谱的检测结果表明，混凝对木质素、单宁及稠环芳烃等物质有较好的去除效果。在混凝前增设曝气生物滤池并在混凝过程中添加粉末活性炭，能强化工艺对类蛋白质组分和腐殖质组分的去除效果。本研究结果可为水处理工艺优化提供理论依据。

Analysis of water quality changes in dual water supply system in Yiwu city

To explore the changes in water quality and organic matter in the dual water supply system of Yiwu city, the water quality changes along the process in three water treatment plants were investigated in the four quarters, and the removal effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM) by the treatment process were analyzed by spectroscopy technology and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The results showed that the removal rates of total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen by the traditional process (coagulation/sedimentation-sand filtration) could reach over 80% and 50%, respectively, while the removal effects of total nitrogen and total dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were poor. The ultrafiltration (UF)-reverse osmosis (RO) process was superior to the traditional process, and it could reduce the concentrations of nutrients and organic matter to extremely low levels (removal rate > 90%). EEMs-PARAFAC showed that the coagulation-sedimentation only significantly removed the fractions of terrestrial humic from surface water, but was less effective in removing protein-like fractions.
The data of high-resolution mass spectrometry also showed that coagulation had a good effect on the removal of lignin, tannin and condensed aromatic hydrocarbons. By adding a biological aerated filter before coagulation and dosing powdered activated carbon during the coagulation process, the removal effects of protein-like fractions and humic fractions (70% reduction in total fluorescence peak intensity) could be greatly improved. This study can provide a theoretical basis for water treatment process optimization.