水环境中轮状病毒分子生物学检测技术

轮状病毒是重要的水介传播病原体,其感染性强,稳定性高,是水环境中危害严重的病原微生物,快速、准确地检测水环境中的轮状病毒对于控制疾病爆发和保障水质公共卫生安全极为重要.本文系统介绍了水环境中病毒浓集方法、核酸提取方法以及分子生物学检测方法,综述了水中轮状病毒浓集和分子生物学检测方法的研究进展,并探讨了分子生物学方法在检测水环境中轮状病毒存在的问题及发展趋势.

Research advances on the molecular detection technologies of rotavirus in water environment

Based on the introduction of recent research advances on the rotavirus concentration method, extraction of nucleic acid and molecular detection methods, this paper aims to introduce the authors' review and synthesis on the research advances in this field. It has also analyzed the development trends of the various effective biological detection technologies and the principles as well as the applications concerned. Due to its high sensitivity and specificity, PCR is the most commonly employed molecular tool. With the development of molecular technology, real-time PCR systems have enabled scientists and technologists to monitor PCR products continuously during the exponential phase of quantification. Moreover, real-time PCR systems are considerably less time-consuming than the previously developed methods. In addition, microarrays represent an important advance in molecular detection technologies, thus making it possible to do simultaneous detection of specifically labeled DNAs from various pathogenic organisms on a small glass slide with thousands of surface immobilized DNA probes. ICC-PCR, with the technique of cell culture and PCR combined into one, is believed to be able to overcome the limitations of cell culture and molecular technology. This method has not only combined the speed and sensitivity of PCR with cultural viability assay to form a molecular detection method capable of isolating low levels of infectious virus, but also tells the information of viruses' infectivity, which is predominant for health risk assessment. In conclusion, this paper also suggests that the molecular detection technologies of rotavirus should be developed into a better comprehensive technology with simple operation and easy-going procedure, as well as less time-consuming and more economic with higher sensitivity, so that it can provide information on the infectivity, and so forth.