尾矿高浓度排放技术的发展概况及展望

对于尾矿传统湿排技术来说,不仅坝体的稳定性差,对环境也有极大的影响,然而高浓度排放技术有效地缓解或解决了这些问题。文章从尾矿脱水、料浆输送和尾矿沉积等多方面,介绍了高浓度排放国内外发展情况,如多段式到一段式脱水和脱水设备的发展、泵压输送中泵送设备的类型,以及尾矿沉积中排放口的布置方式等。介绍了边坡角预测理论,主要包括Blight和Bentel边坡角预测模型、Kupper提出的边坡角经验公式,以及Sofra和Boger提出的边坡角经验公式。指出了高浓度排放技术存在的问题,如膏体的定义不清晰、高浓度排放的适用条件、沉积裂缝和边坡角预测模型不精确。最后总结了高浓度排放的发展趋势,如膏体排放模式、排放口的中央式布置和设备选型,如高浓度底流和处理量的脱水设备,以及高压高效率的泵送设备等。

General development and prospect of tailings high-density discharge technology

In the case of traditional wet discharge technology of tailing,it has not only poor stability,but also detrimental impact on environment,However,high-dengsity discharge technology has mitigated or solved these problems effectively. In this article the development of high-dengsity discharge technology both at home and abroad were intraduced in terms of tailings dewatering,tailings slurry transportation,deposition and other aspects,for instance,the development of dewatering from multi-stage to one-stage and dewatering installations,different types of pumping installations in pumping transport,and the way of arranging discharge pipeline,etc. The slope angle prediction theory was presented,mainly including Blight Bentel slope prediction model,slope angle emprical formula raised by Kupper,also slope angle emprical formula raised by Sofra Boger. The problems existed in high-density discharge were indicated,for example,the defination of paste being unclear,the applicable conditions of High-density Discharge,deposition crack and the inaccurateness of prediction model. At last,the development trend of high-dengsity discharge was summarized,such as paste discharge,centralized discharge arrangement and equipment selection,for instance,dewatering installations with high density underset and large handling capacity,also high pressure and efficiency pumping installations,et al.