杭州湾南岸滨海平原土地利用/覆被空间格局变化分析

杭州湾南岸滨海平原位于沪、杭、甬经济金三角的中心地带，是我国沿海经济最发达的地区之一。研究其土地利用/覆被空间格局变化对合理利用土地资源，促进沿海地区的可持续发展具有重要意义。利用1987年和2000年2个时期的TM影像，分析了杭州湾南岸滨海平原土地利用/覆被数量及空间格局变化特征。结果表明，杭州湾南岸滨海平原建设用地、水体和养殖用地呈现明显的增长趋势，水田、旱地、滩地、林地和盐田呈减少趋势。受自然和人类活动的共同影响，土地利用/覆被类型斑块平均面积由0.245 km2降至0.173 km2，斑块密度则由4.081个/km2提高到5.781个/km2，斑块数量增加了42%。由于斑块的破碎化，大部分土地利用/覆被类型的边界密度、形态指数、分维数和斑块密度都有不同程度的增加。城市化和非农化的发展使得建设用地格局指数变化表现出一定的特殊性。

ANALYSIS ON THE CHANGE OF LAND USE AND COVER SPATIAL PATTERN IN COASTAL PLAIN OF SOUTH HANGZHOUWAN BAY

Coastal plain of south Hangzhouwan Bay, central area of the golden economic city triangle made up of Shanghai, Hangzhou and Ningbo, is one of the most developed zones in coastal area in China. The study of its land use and cover pattern dynamics have great significance in the utilization of land resources and sustainable development. In this study, we analyzed the land use and cover pattern dynamics through the interpretation of TM images in 1987 and 2000. The results showed that the areas of land for building, water area and fishery land increased. Paddy field, dry agricultural land, tidal flat, forest land and saltern decreased. Because of the influence of nature conditions and anthropic activities, mean area of patches decreased from 0. 245 km^2 to 0. 173 km^2 while density of patches increased from 4. 081 pieces/km^2 to 5. 781 pieces/km^2. At the same time, the gross patch numbers had 42% increased compared with that in 1987. Edge density, landscape shape index, fractal dimension and patch density increase variously, but the changes of pattern indexes of land for building is quite different from these types for the urbanization and nonagriculturalization of cultivated land.