Temporal stability and spatial divergence of mitochondrial DNA haplotype frequencies in red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) from coastal regions of the western Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico |
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Authors: | J R Gold L R Richardson T F Turner |
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Institution: | (1) Center for Biosystematics and Biodiversity, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2258, USA Fax: 001 (0)409 845-4096 e-mail: goldfish@tamu.edu, US |
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Abstract: | Restriction-site variation in mitochondrial (mt) DNA was assayed among 1675 red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus Linnaeus) sampled from 20 localities along the southeastern coast of the USA (western Atlantic) and the Gulf of Mexico (Gulf).
Up to four consecutive year-classes (cohorts) were sampled at most localities. Nucleotide-sequence divergence among 170 mtDNA
haplotypes identified ranged (in percentage) from 0.184 to 1.913, with a mean (±SD) of 0.887 ± 0.300. Comparisons of mtDNA
haplotype frequencies across year-classes within localities were non-significant, indicating temporal stability of breeding
components within localities. Significant heterogeneity in mtDNA haplotype frequencies was found across all localities, between
(pooled) samples from the western Atlantic and the Gulf, and among geographically spaced, regional groupings in the Gulf.
Genetic divergence between subpopulations of red drum in the western Atlantic and Gulf follows a pattern exhibited in other
marine fishes, and probably stems from physical (historical environmental heterogeneity, absence of suitable habitat, and
current patterns) and, perhaps, behavioral factors. Genetic differences among red drum in the Gulf appear to be due largely
to an isolation-by-distance effect that is attributable to behavioral factors. The latter may include female philopatry to
natal bays or estuaries, limited offshore (coastwise) movement of females relative to their natal bay or estuary, or both.
Genetic divergence among red drum in the Gulf occurs despite high gene flow (estimated as the number of genetic effective
migrants in an island mode). Conservation and management of red drum should be based on the premise that strategies for a
given bay or estuary will impact geographically proximal bays or estuaries more than distal ones. Trajectories of correlograms
in spatial autocorrelation analysis suggest a geographic neighborhood size, relative to genetic migration of red drum from
a bay or estuary, of roughly 500 to 600 km.
Received: 22 July 1998 / Accepted: 19 November 1998 |
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