Groundwater purification by membrane technology |
| |
Authors: | Meenakshi Arora R C Maheshwari |
| |
Institution: | (1) Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India;(2) Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia |
| |
Abstract: | Hyperfiltration and nanofiltration membranes were tested with different water matrices for the removal of excess fluoride
from underground water. Initially, the experiments were done with synthetic samples prepared by adding known amounts of sodium
fluoride and calcium chloride in distilled water. The effect of feed water composition, pH, temperature of feed water, operating
pressure, and feed water flow rate on separation efficiency of both types of membrane was studied by varying one parameter
at a time and keeping all other parameters constant. Thus, the optimum operating conditions for the process were determined
and after that ground water samples collected from three villages of district Gurgaon, Haryana, India (Farukhnagar, Wazirpur,
and Mevka) were treated under optimum operational conditions. The mass transfer coefficient and membrane parameters were estimated
for each data point using two-parameter model (Film theory and Solution-diffusion model) to study the concentration polarization
on membrane surface. The nanofiltration membrane showed high percentage rejection of bivalent ions when compared to monovalent
ions in a binary system. But in multicomponent system, when fluoride and calcium coexisted, the removal of fluoride was comparable
to calcium removal because of the low solubility product of calcium fluoride. The results with RO membrane revealed that it
removes practically all the ions present in water at high pressure, which need to be passed through a lime column to remineralize
the water, to make it suitable for drinking purposes, whereas by running the system at low pressure which will further reduce
the cost of operation, rejection percentage goes down to get permeate of required quality. |
| |
Keywords: | |
本文献已被 SpringerLink 等数据库收录! |
|