黄河三角洲湿地生态修复工程对底栖动物的影响效果研究

为探究黄河三角洲修复工程对大型底栖动物的群落影响及关键影响因子，于2019—2021年在黄河三角洲国际重要湿地生物多样性保护工程修复区和未恢复区进行了6次大型底栖动物样品和土壤/底泥样品采集，共发现大型底栖动物78种，隶属于4门8纲61科，结果表明：昆虫纲的优势度随着时间变化不断上升，而耐污性强的软体动物和环节动物的优势度呈下降趋势。在2020年5月和2021年6月2次生长季对比中发现，在底栖动物整体密度下降的背景下，昆虫纲物种密度在南岸地区呈上升趋势，优势种和物种密度变化表明了生态修复工程改善了修复区的环境状况。在生态修复工程完成的初期，大型底栖动物的生存环境和群落结构受工程施工干扰严重，需要一定时间恢复生物多样性。环境因子分析表明：大型底栖动物群落与盐度、土壤/底泥全碳含量呈正相关，反映河口环境因子对底栖动物分布的影响。对比分析黄河三角洲国际重要湿地生态修复区和自然湿地的底栖动物群落特征及其变化过程，可为黄河三角洲河口湿地修复工程的实施效果评估提供重要数据和支持，为后续湿地修复工程的实施和管理提供参考，对于黄河三角洲生物多样性的保护具有重要意义。

EFFECT OF WETLAND ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION PROJECT ON MACROBENTHOS COMMUNITY IN THE YELLOW RIVER DELTA

To explore the impact of the Yellow River Delta restoration project on the macrobenthos community and the key impact factors, in 2019, 2020 and 2021, six sampling batches of macrobenthos and soil/sediment samples were conducted in the restoration area and unrecovered area of the Yellow River Delta International Important Wetland Biodiversity Conservation Project. In the survey, 78 species of macrobenthos were found, belonging to 4 phyla, 8 classes and 61 families. The results showed that the dominance of Insecta was increasing with time, while the dominance of molluscs and annelids with strong pollution resistance was decreasing. In the comparison of the two growth seasons in May 2020 and June 2021, it was found that the density of Insecta species showed an upward trend in the south bank area against the background of the decline of the overall density of benthos. The change in dominant species and species density indicated that the ecological restoration project had improved the environmental conditions of the restoration area. At the initial stage of the completion of the ecological restoration project, the living environment and community structure of macrobenthos were seriously disturbed by the project construction, and it took time to restore biodiversity. The analysis of environmental factors showed that the macrobenthos community had a positive correlation with salinity and total carbon content of soil/sediment, indicating the impact of estuarine environmental factors on distribution of benthos. This study contrastively analyzed the characteristics and change process of benthos communities in the ecological restoration area and natural wetlands in the Yellow River Delta, provided important data and support for the implementation effect evaluation of the Yellow River Delta Estuary Wetland Restoration Project, and provided guidance and reference for the implementation and management of the subsequent wetland restoration project.