基于生态系统服务的市场化生态补偿机制研究——以五马河流域为例

五马河作为赤水河的支流，为下游酒企提供水源，该流域具备实现市场化生态补偿的条件.通过CLUE-S模拟该流域现有及未来到2030年经济发展、生态保护两种情景下的土地利用/覆被情况，进而依据InVEST模型对该地区的产水量、氮磷元素消减量和泥沙持留量三种生态系统服务进行评估，最终求得该地区当前生态系统服务价值总量为4.1825亿元，在未来两种情景下的价值总量分别为4.1759亿元和4.1622亿元.同时，通过对当地居民及酒企进行生态补偿意愿的调查，得到符合各利益相关方意愿的生态补偿额度最高为2.74亿元/a，而使用发展机会成本法求得该流域发展权损失为1.78亿元/a.结合上述结果，确定了五马河流域市场化生态补偿标准的合理区间，并以该区间以及SWOT分析为基础，设计了五马河市场化流域生态补偿机制.

A study on market-oriented ecological compensation for the ecosystem services based on Wuma River Watershed

As a tributary of Chishui River, Wuma River provides water resources for the downstream wine enterprises, which creates the conditions for realizing market-oriented ecological compensation in Wuma River watershed. This paper uses the Conversion of Land Use and its Effects at Small Region Extent model (CLUE-S model) to simulate the current land use and land cover and that in 2030, encompassing two scenarios, that is, scenarios of economic development and scenarios of ecological protection. Then this paper assesses three types of ecosystem services which are water yield, nutrient translocation and sediment retention in the watershed based on the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Service and Tradeoffs model (InVEST model). The current total ecosystem service value in the watershed was 418.25million yuan, and the total value under the two scenarios was 417.59million yuan and 416.22million yuan respectively. In addition, based on the investigation of the compensation willingness of local residents and wine enterprises, the maximum of ecological compensation that meets the wishes of stakeholders should be decided as 274million yuan per year. Finally, this study uses the development opportunity cost method to get the loss of 178million yuan per year. Combined with the results, the rational range of the market-oriented ecological compensation standard for Wuma River watershed can be determined. Based on the compensation standard and SWOT analysis, the market-oriented ecological compensation mechanism for Wuma River watershed can be designed.