可持续发展视角下自然资源综合利用效益评估方法与实证

在自然资源统一调查监测评价的背景下,研究制定一套自然资源综合利用效益评价模型,对于监测各地自然资源利用效益状况、诊断自然资源利用问题、提出高效利用对策等具有重要意义。基于可持续发展理论,构建自然资源综合利用效益评价指标体系,并以2018年全国分省的自然资源综合利用效益进行实证,结果发现：（1）全国自然资源利用经济效益呈现东南地区向中部、东北部、西北部递减的趋势;（2）不同区域自然资源利用效益的限制因素不同;（3）评价结果总体上符合各省市的实际情况,指标体系可以结合评价尺度和区域进一步完善。研究成果可以丰富自然资源利用效益的理论体系以及评价的技术手段,并为提高自然资源利用效益、实现资源的可持续利用服务。

The evaluation of natural resources comprehensive utilization benefits from the perspective of sustainable development

Under the background of the unified investigation, monitoring and evaluation of natural resources, it is of great significance to develop an evaluation model for the comprehensive utilization of natural resources, which helps to introduce long-term mechanisms for the management and protection of natural resources. Based on the theory of sustainable development, this research constructed a comprehensive evaluation index system of natural resources utilization benefit, consisting of 3 primary indicators and 23 secondary indexes. Then, the extremum method was used for index standardization, and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy value method were used for weight. The evaluation results of natural resources utilization benefits of China's 31 provincial-level regions in 2018 were analyzed, and the limiting factors of natural resource utilization benefit were identified by using the obstacle degree model. The results show that: (1) The economic benefits of natural resources in China differ greatly and the overall trend is decreasing from southeast to central, northeast and northwest. The level of social benefits is close and there is no obvious spatial differentiation. The ecological benefits were higher in the south than those in the north. There is a great difference in the level of comprehensive utilization of natural resources, and the spatial distribution pattern depicts a decreasing trend from east to west. (2) The limiting factors of natural resource utilization benefits are different in different regions. GDP per unit construction land of economic benefit, green coverage rate in built-up area of social benefit and comprehensive control ratio of soil and water loss of ecological benefit are the main limiting factors. According to the level of individual benefits and limiting factors, every province can formulate targeted measures and policies to improve the benefits of comprehensive utilization of natural resources. (3) The results of natural resources comprehensive utilization benefit are consistent with the actual situation of the provinces in general, which indicates that the evaluation index system of natural resources utilization benefits from the perspective of sustainable utilization is scientific and feasible. However, due to the limitations of data availability, the indexes need further improvement, such as indicators of social benefits related to human well-being and indicators of ecological benefit in relation with carbon sequestration and ecosystem services. The research results can enrich the theoretical system and the technical methods of evaluation of the natural resources utilization benefits, and serve to improve the utilization efficiency of natural resources and realize rational development of regional resources.