生态文明时代国土空间规划理论与技术方法创新

国土空间规划是现代国家实施国土空间治理的重要手段，是为实现特定战略意图而进行的理性设计，规划的编制实施理念会随时代的发展而变化。为了解生态文明时代国土空间规划理论与技术方法创新，特邀请本领域的五位知名专家就国土空间规划和治理的价值导向、目标追求、重点任务、实施路径和主要领域等开展访谈。专家认为：（1）国土空间规划需要用更高的整体利益原则去处理个体利益之间的失衡，在整体利益的指引下提升特定利益的最大化和保证其他利益的最起码满足。（2）国土空间规划和治理的目标不是单纯追求“地理的普遍繁荣”，而是需要重视追求“人民的普遍幸福”，营造宜居宜业的高品质国土空间。（3）国土空间规划需要统筹安全与发展，合理适度开发利用自然资源，推动实现人与自然和谐共生。（4）需要以核心都市圈为支点，主要城市群为平台，打造宜居城市、韧性城市、智慧城市，建立高质量的城市生态系统和安全系统，重塑中国经济地理格局。（5）城市，特别是大城市是国土空间规划和治理的重点地区，需要通过拓展对城市多元属性的认知、系统研判大城市空间治理的问题与成因，完善大城市治理的逻辑。通过专家访谈，可以看出国土空间规划本质上是对空间关系的重建与重构，需要协调人地关系，推动实现人与自然和谐共生；需要处理好多元主体的利益关系，实现社会和谐；还需要尊重山水林田湖草沙生命共同体、城市有机体等不同层级国土空间单元的运行规律，维护和修复各要素之间的联系和作用机制。

Innovation of theory and technical method of territory spatial planning in the era of eco-civilization

Territory spatial planning is an important means for modern countries to implement spatial governance, and it is a rational design for realizing specific strategic intentions. The theory and technical method in the process of formulating planning will change with the development of the times. In order to understand the conceptual innovation of territory spatial planning and governance in the era of eco-civilization, five well-known experts in this field are invited to conduct interviews on the value orientation, goal pursuit, key tasks, implementation paths and main fields of territory spatial planning and governance. Experts believe that: (1) The territory spatial planning needs to handle the imbalance between individual interests with a higher overall interest principle, promote the maximization of specific interests and ensure the minimum satisfaction of other interests under the guidance of overall interests. (2) The goal of territory spatial planning and governance is not to pursue "universal prosperity of region", but to pursue "universal happiness of the people" and create a high-quality territory suitable for living and working. (3) Territory spatial planning needs to coordinate security and development, reasonably and appropriately develop and utilize natural resources, and promote the harmonious coexistence between human and nature. (4) Territory spatial planning needs to conform to the trend of economic spatial pattern change and establish a high-quality urban ecosystem and security system. (5) Cities are the key areas of territory spatial planning and governance. It is necessary to improve the logic of city governance by expanding the understanding of urban multi-attributes and systematically studying and judging the problems and causes of spatial governance. Through expert interviews, it can be seen that territory spatial planning is essentially the reconstruction of spatial relations. We need to promote the harmonious coexistence of human and nature and we need to deal with the interests of multiple subjects and realize social harmony. It is also necessary to respect the operating rules of different levels of territory units such as the life community of mountains, rivers, forests, lakes, grass and sand, and maintain and repair the links mechanisms between various elements.