英国机遇区规划对中国国土空间规划的启示

随着中国城镇化步入中后期发展阶段，以及空间规划改革与高质量发展的时代背景下，城市更新是存量时代城市空间可持续发展的关键议题。但目前还存在着城市更新在国土空间规划体系中定位不清晰等问题，如何更好地推动新时代国土空间规划衔接和融入城市更新，作为解决城市病、进行城市空间治理的有效手段亟待探索。简要梳理城市更新研究进展，以英国伦敦的大型城市更新规划—机遇区规划作为典型案例，分析机遇区规划的概念内涵、演变过程及不同类型，重点解析以金融和创新产业为重点的商业发展型、以维护和延续历史风貌为重点的文化旅游型、以棕地修复和发展绿色产业为重点的工业发展型等三种具有代表性典型机遇区规划项目。在此基础上，提出英国伦敦机遇区更新规划对中国国土空间规划的启示：在五级三类国土空间规划体系中明确城市更新的定位及编制要求与标准；以城市更新为抓手，促进城市存量空间人居环境质量与社会公平和谐；对不同类型城市以及城市不同类型地块，均需因地制宜地构建差异化的城市更新策略；借鉴基于自然的解决方案，尊重城市区域的自然资源本底和地理属性特征；延续城市历史文脉，挖掘打造地方性、有特色的城市精神。

The inspiration of UK's opportunity area planning to China's territory spatial planning

With China's urbanization entering the middle and late stages of development, and under the background of spatial planning reform and high-quality development, urban regeneration is the key issue of urban spatial sustainable development in the stock age. However, there are still some problems such as unclear positioning of urban regeneration in the land and space planning system, and how to better promote the convergence of land and space planning and integration of urban regeneration in the New Era, which needs to be explored urgently on how urban regeneration is to be an effective means to solve the urban disease and carry on the urban space management. This paper briefly reviews the research progress of urban regeneration, and takes the large-scale urban regeneration planning-London opportunity area planning as a typical case, analyzes the concept connotation, evolution process and different types. It concentrates on the analysis of three typical opportunity area planning projects, including commercial development with emphasis on finance and innovation industry, cultural tourism with emphasis on maintaining and continuing historical features, and industrial development with emphasis on brownfield restoration and developing green industry. On this basis, the inspiration of London opportunity area regeneration planning to China's land and space planning is put forward to make clear the location of urban regeneration and the compilation requirements and standards in the five-level and three-type land and space planning system; and to take urban regeneration as the key point to promote the harmony between the quality of human settlement environment and social equity of urban stock space. Meanwhile, different strategies for urban regeneration need to be constructed aimed at different types of cities and different types of urban plots according to local conditions. In addition, we should learn from nature-based solutions and respect the natural resources and geographical attributes of urban areas; continue the historical context of the city, explore and create a local and distinctive urban spirit.