巢湖水体中微塑料组成及分布特征

为研究淡水湖泊中微塑料的污染现状，以安徽省巢湖为例，在2020年11月对水体中微塑料丰度分布进行了系统的调查，并分析了巢湖微塑料的形状、粒径范围、颜色和聚合物类型. 结果表明:①巢湖水体中微塑料的丰度平均值为(1.30±0.68)个/L，其中东部湖区略低于其他区域. ②巢湖水体中微塑料的形状包括纤维状、碎片状、颗粒状、薄膜状和微珠状，其中纤维状(65.8%)是最常见的微塑料形状. ③巢湖水体中微塑料的颜色包括透明、黑色、白色和彩色，其中黑色和彩色占主要优势，分别占总数的44.33%和26.58%. ④巢湖水体中微塑料以小尺寸(粒径50 μm~2 mm)微塑料为主，占总数的88.65%. ⑤巢湖水体中微塑料聚合物类型包括聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)和低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)，其中PP(57.52%)和PET(21.17%)是主要的聚合物类型. 研究显示，巢湖水体中有微塑料的赋存，渔业活动和生活污水排放是其主要的污染来源，建议后续进一步追溯其污染源头，为巢湖微塑料的污染防治提供理论指导. 

Compositional and Distributional Characteristics of Microplastics in Water Samples of Chaohu Lake

In order to study the pollution of microplastics (MPs) in freshwater environments, this study took Chaohu Lake in Anhui Province as an example. In November 2020, we carried out systematic investigation of water samples in Chaohu Lake (Located in Anhui Province) to assess the pollution status of MPs. The shape, particle size, color and chemical composition of MPs in Chaohu Lake water were quantitatively assessed and analyzed. Our study determined that the average concentration of MPs in the water was (1.30±0.68) n/L, and the averaged concentration in eastern area of the lake was slightly lower than that in the other areas. We identified five shapes of MPs (including fibers, fragments, particles, films and microbeads) in the water, and fiber was the most common shape (65.8%). The colors of MPs included transparent, black, white and colored, among which black and colored were dominant, accounting for 44.33% and 26.58%, respectively. Small size (particle size 50 μm~2 mm) microplastics dominated in Chaohu Lake, accounting for 88.65%. Through Raman spectroscopy, we found seven main chemical compositions of MPs, including polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). PP (57.52%) and PET (21.17%) were the two main polymer types in Chaohu Lake. The results of this study show that there are MPs in Chaohu Lake, and fishing activities and domestic sewage discharge are the main pollution sources. It is recommended to further investigate the sources of MPs in the future to provide a theoretical basis for the targeted treatment of microplastic pollution in Chaohu Lake.