基于矿山生态修复的生态产品价值实现主要模式与路径

生态产品价值实现是以市场化方式推进矿山生态修复与产业绿色转型发展的重要手段，是深入践行“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念的重要举措之一. 我国在该领域进行了诸多探索，积累了较为丰富的经验，但开采或废弃矿山治理恢复率仍远低于国际水平. 为了提升我国矿山生态修复与生态产品价值的转化能力，本文对国内外基于矿山生态修复的生态产品价值实现经验进行了归纳总结. 结果表明:废弃资源利用、指标权属交易、新型产业导入是价值实现的主要模式，要素整合、区域统筹、产业融合是主要路径. 各地区在实施过程中通常结合自身实际采取多模式、多路径组合的方式推进，以达到资源的多元利用与生态、社会、经济效益的多重显化. 总体而言，我国依托矿山生态修复的生态产品价值实现还处于起步阶段，应进一步加强顶层设计，不断健全成效评价标准体系和制度体系，推动修复矿山生态产品价值更加有序高效转化. 

Main Models and Paths for Realizing the Value of Ecological Products Based on Mine Ecosystem Restoration

Realizing the value of ecological products is an important way to promote mine ecosystem restoration and green industrial transformation through market means. It is an important measure to thoroughly implement the concept of ‘Lucid Waters and Lush Mountains are Invaluable Assets’. China has a lot of research and experience in this field, but the recovery rate of the degraded ecosystems in many mined or abandoned mines in China is far below the international level. In order to improve the ability of mine ecosystem restoration and value realization of ecological products in China, this study summarized the main paths and models of value realization of ecological products based on mine ecosystem restoration at home and abroad. The experiences showed that waste resource utilization, indicators and ownership transaction, and new industry import are main models, and element integration, regional overall planning, industry integration are main paths. The regions usually adopted multiple models and paths and took their own realities into account to achieve multiple utilization of resources and multiple improvement of ecological, social and economic benefits. However, the realization of ecological product value based on mine ecosystem restoration is still at beginning stage in China. It is necessary to strengthen the top-level design and further study how to evaluate the effectiveness of mine ecosystem restoration and the value realization of ecological products. Through continuous improvement of the standards and regimes, the ecological products value of restored mines can be transformed more orderly and efficiently.