我国工业场地地下水污染防治十大科技难题

我国工业场地地下水污染严重，污染地块省级名录中含地下水信息的地块有31%存在地下水污染. 近年来，地下水风险管控和修复工作日益得到政府和行业的高度关注，相关环境管理体系逐步完善. 2021年国务院发布的《地下水管理条例》将会进一步推动工业场地的污染地下水风险管控与修复治理工作. 但是，我国当前地下水领域的相关研究仍然比较薄弱，不能完全满足国家的重大需求. 本文根据地下水修复领域国际研究前沿和国内的发展与管理现状，提出未来污染场地地下水修复的十大科学与技术挑战:地下水修复与风险管控的绿色可持续性，污染物及水文地质条件的精准刻画与风险评估，水土协同治理，低渗透地层及透镜体的反向扩散，原位氧化和生物修复过程中的有毒副产物生成，物理分离技术的拖尾，地下水修复中的污染物反弹，大型复杂污染场地的治理与管控，岩溶裂隙水污染迁移与风险管控方法，以及地下水中新污染物. 克服这些科技挑战的过程也必将给我国地下水污染防治事业的发展带来重大的机遇. 

Ten Grand Challenges for Groundwater Pollution Prevention and Remediation at Contaminated Sites in China

Groundwater contamination at industrial sites in China is serious. Based on existing published lists, more than 31% of contaminated sites contain groundwater contamination. In recent years, the Chinese government and pertaining industrial sectors have paid more and more attention to groundwater remediation. Regulations and standards are being issued, with the latest ‘Groundwater Management Regulation’ issued by the central government to play a critical role. On the other hand, research on groundwater remediation in China is still not sufficient. In the present study, we propose ten grand challenges for groundwater remediation at contaminated sites in China: green and sustainable remediation of contaminated groundwater, high resolution site characterization and accurate risk assessment, combined remediation of soil and groundwater, back diffusion from low-permeability formation, toxic by-products from in-situ chemical oxidation and bioremediation, tailing during physical separation, rebound during remediation, management of large and complex sites, contaminant migration and risk management at fractured rock sites, and emerging contaminants in groundwater. In the course of addressing these grand challenges, there are also numerous opportunities for development in the research field and the industrial sector.