山东南四湖沉积物中汞的污染现状及迁移研究

通过测定南四湖及其入湖河流沉积物中总汞和形态含量,研究南四湖沉积物中汞的污染现状及空间迁移特征.南四湖表层沉积物中总汞含量为0.046 mg·kg-1,明显高于其环境背景值,表明南四湖受到一定程度的汞污染;沉积物中汞的形态主要以残渣态为主,占总汞含量的65.15%,非残渣态占总汞比例相对较小,依次为有机结合态(30.61%)、可提取态(2.93%)、铁锰氧化态(1.31%),其空间变化为独山湖区和昭阳湖区非残渣态汞含量较低,南阳湖区和微山湖区相对较高,具有一定的潜在生态危害;从水平方向来看,南四湖表层沉积物中汞含量具有明显差异,各湖区污染程度不同,汞在水平方向迁移较明显;垂直方向来看,从柱状沉积物底部到顶部汞的含量呈增加趋势,这可能与不同时期社会经济状况有关.

Pollution Status and Migration of Mercury in the Sediments of Nansi Lake in Shandong Province

The content of mercury and fractions were determined, in order to discuss the pollution situation and migration ability of mercury in inflow rivers and surface sediments of Nansi Lake. The average content of mercury in the sediments of the Nansi Lake was 0.046 mg ·kg^-1, significantly higher than the environmental background values, which showed that Nansi Lake suffered from mercury pollution. Mercury in sediments existed mainly in the residual fraction, accounting for 65.15%. The proportion of non-residual fractions was relatively small, in the order of organic bound fraction (30.61%), extractable fraction (2.93%), and Fe/Mn oxide(1.31%). The spatial change of non-residual fractions was that Weishan Lake and Nanyang Lake had higher non-residual mercury content than Zhaoyang Lake and Dushan Lake, and the non-residual mercury had a certain potential ecological harm on Weishan Lake and Nanyang Lake. From the horizontal view, the mercury content in the surface sediments of Nansi Lake had visible difference and the pollution degree was different among sub-lakes, so horizontal migration of mercury was obvious. Vertically, the mercury content showed a trend of increasing from the bottom to the top in core sediments, which might be associated with social and economic conditions in different periods.