中国的节能减排困境和财税政策选择

节能减排不仅是推进我国国民经济又好又快发展的核心要义,也是应对全球气候变化的迫切需要.在我国,要实现到2020年单位国内生产总值的二氧化碳排放比2005年下降40%-45%的约束性目标,需要进行艰难的产业结构调整、能源消费结构调整和经济发展阶段跨越,并应采取体制、政策、技术和管理等综合推进措施.包括政府投资、税收、政府采购和财政贴息在内的财税政策措施对于推进我国节能减排至关重要.本文认为,政府投资政策应重在支持高新技术产业研发应用,经由产业结构调整促进节能减排;税收政策应立足于综合采取增设环境污染税、低技术污染税以及税收优惠和减免等激励和惩罚并重措施;政府采购应通过扩大高效节能减排产品市场需求,引导企业生产行为;财政贴息则应侧重于解决企业节能减排投资以及技术改造过程中的资金约束.

Energy Saving and Emission Reduction in China: Challenges and Fiscal and Tax Policies Choices

Energy saving and emission reduction are very important in China,because they are not only the core matter of science development in China's economy,but also impending in confronting the global climate change.In order to achieve the constrained objective which meants carbon dioxide emission per GDP should reduce 40%-45% in 2020 relative to 2005,China will face great challenges in adjusting industrial structure and energy consumption structure and transcending economic development stage.Thus,China should tak...