沉积物电缆细菌研究进展

目前，在沉积物中发现一种丝状多细胞微生物-电缆细菌，该菌属于变形菌门的脱硫球茎菌科（Desulfobulbaceae）.电缆细菌通过远距离电子传输将沉积物表面的氧还原与深处缺氧层的硫化物氧化电耦合进行完整的氧化还原反应，调节氧分子和硫化物迁移转化.电缆细菌有3种连接方式，表层存在脊段结构进行电子运输，并在富含硫酸盐和季节性周期变化的自然环境中广泛存在.这种新型的多细胞合作方式对沉积物的生物地球化学循环产生显著影响，促进沉积物硫化区铁锰的溶解，并抑制硫和磷等元素的释放.此外，电缆细菌参与硫化物和烃类污染物的降解，为污染沉积物生物修复领域提供新的研究方向.本文对电缆细菌的发现、生理代谢、栖息环境以及生物地球化学循环的影响等研究进行了综述.

Research progress of cable bacteria in sediment

Recently, a novel multicellular filamentous microbe named as cable bacteria was observed in sediments, which belong to Desulfobulbaceae of proteobacteria. Cable bacteria conducedted complete redox reaction by coupling oxygen reduction on sediment surface with sulfide oxidation in deep anoxic layer through long-distance electron transport. Cable bacteria had three connection modes and surface ridge structure for electronic transport. It existed widely in natural environment rich in sulfate and seasonal periodic variation. This new multicellular cooperation mode had a significant impact on the biogeochemical cycle of sediments, which promoted the dissolution of iron and manganese in sulphide areas of sediments, and inhibited the release of sulfur and phosphorus. Moreover, cable bacteria was involved in the degradation of sulfide and hydrocarbon pollutants, and providing a new research direction in the field of bioremediation of contaminated sediments. Here, the discovery, physiological metabolism, habitat environmental conditions and biogeochemical cycle of cable bacteria were reviewed systematically.