重庆市大气降水污染及其沉降特征

基于东亚酸沉降监测网（EANET）的湿沉降观测数据，针对2002~2016年重庆市的降水电导率、pH值和降水中水溶性离子浓度与沉降量进行了研究.结果表明，重庆市郊区站点的降水酸化问题较严重，而城市站点降水污染较严重.降水中水溶性离子平均浓度在城市和郊区站点分别达到627.00 μeq/L和480.14 μeq/L，其中城市站SO₄^2-、NH₄⁺和Ca²⁺的平均浓度为郊区站的1.21~1.47倍.由SO₄^2-与NO₃^-占比说明重庆市的降水类型由硫酸型向硫酸-硝酸混合型转变.城市站的主要离子沉降量较高，约为郊区站点的1.14倍.降水中的无机氮平均沉降量在17.59~47.31kg/（hm²·a）范围内浮动，并且主要以NH₄⁺-N为主，其平均沉降量为NO₃^--N的2倍左右，说明重庆市大气氨/铵污染比较严重.

Pollution and deposition characteristics of precipitation in Chongqing

The precipitation conductivity, pH value and water-soluble ion concentration of precipitation in Chongqing from 2002 to 2016 were studied based on the wet deposition data from Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET). The acidification of rainfall at rural site of Chongqing was serious, while precipitation pollution at urban site was serious. Average concentrations of water-soluble ions in precipitation at urban and rural sites reached 627.00μeq/L and 480.14μeq/L, respectively. The average concentrations of SO₄^2-, NH₄⁺ and Ca²⁺ at urban site was 1.21~1.47times higher than those at rural site. The ratio of SO₄^2- to NO₃^- indicated that the type of precipitation in Chongqing changed from sulfuric acid type to sulfuric acid-nitric acid mixed type. The main ion deposition at urban site was relatively high and about 1.14times that of the rural site. The inorganic nitrogen deposition in precipitation varied from 17.59kg/(hm²·a) to 47.31kg/(hm²·a) and was dominated by ammonium-nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N). The average deposition of NH₄⁺-N was about twice as much as that of NO₃^--N, indicating serious NH₃/NH₄⁺-N pollution in Chongqing.