铀尾矿中不同形态铀释放的影响因素及其相关性

采用正交试验、连续提取法及主成分分析，研究了液固比、浸出时间、酸雨pH值、PO₄^3-、CO₃^2-、Ca²⁺和腐殖酸浓度对铀尾矿库内铀尾矿中不同形态铀释放的影响.结果表明：影响易迁移态铀释放的因素，按重要程度排序为：Ca²⁺>酸雨pH值>CO₃^2->腐殖酸>浸出时间>PO₄^3->液固比，前4个因素是主要影响因素，且CO₃^2-与酸雨pH值的相关性最强.影响潜在迁移态铀释放的因素，按重要程度排序为：Ca²⁺>液固比>浸出时间>CO₃^2->腐殖酸>酸雨pH值>PO₄^3-，前4个因素是主要影响因素，且PO₄^3-与酸雨pH值的相关性最强.影响稳定态铀释放的因素，按重要程度排序为：PO₄^3->腐殖酸>CO₃^2->酸雨pH值>液固比>Ca²⁺>浸出时间，前4个因素是主要影响因素，且PO₄^3-与CO₃^2-的相关性最强.

An analysis of influencing factors on the release of different species of uranium from uranium tailings and their correlation

The influences of liquid-solid ratio, leaching time, acid rain pH, PO₄^3-, CO₃^2-, Ca²⁺ and humic acid concentration on the release of different species of uranium from uranium tailings in a uranium tailings repository were investigated by using the orthogonal tests, sequential extraction and principal component analysis. The degree of the influence of these factors on the release of the easily mobile species of uranium was in the order Ca²⁺ > acid rain pH > CO₃^2- > humic acid > leaching time > PO₄^3- > liquid-solid ratio, the first four factors were the main ones, and there was the strongest correlation between CO₃^2- and acid rain pH. The degree of the influence of these factors on the release of the potential migration species of uranium was in the order Ca²⁺ > liquid-solid ratio > leaching time > CO₃^2- > humic acid > acid rain pH>PO₄^3-, the first four factors were the main ones, and there was the strongest correlation between PO₄^3- and acid rain pH; and that the degree of the influence of these factors on the release of the stable species of uranium was in the order PO₄^3- > humic acid>CO₃^2- > acid rain pH > liquid-solid ratio>Ca²⁺ > leaching time, the first four factors were the main ones, and there was the strongest correlation between PO₄^3- and CO₃^2-.