生物体微塑料提取方法比选研究

微塑料（<5mm）在淡水、海洋以及陆生生物体内被广泛检出，但由于提取方法不一致，限制了现有数据之间的可比性.本研究比选了4种消解方法对鱼胃等7种组织的消解效率，并通过显微镜检查、重量、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和拉曼光谱综合评估不同提取方法对10种环境微塑料形态、重量和光谱特征的影响.结果显示，消解效率依次为10% KOH > RIPA组织裂解液+蛋白酶K > 蛋白酶K > 30% H₂O₂.另外，4种消解处理后PA（聚酰胺）颗粒重量均显著增加，H₂O₂处理后PU（聚氨酯）颗粒颜色略有变化，可生物降解塑料溶于10% KOH，而其他塑料处理前后重量和形态均未变化；4种消解处理前后所有塑料的红外光谱与拉曼光谱均未发生改变.综合以上，推荐以10% KOH为消解液，50℃、180r/min温育振荡6h作为分离提取生物组织微塑料的首选方案.

Comparison of microplastic extraction methods from organisms

Microplastics (<5mm) have been detected in freshwater, marine and terrestrial organisms widely, however, no harmonized method is available which limited the scientific value for these existing investigation data. The present study aimed to compare four kinds of digestion solutions for microplastic isolation from fish and clam tissue, and then to evaluate the effects on 10 kinds of typical plastics of four kinds of digestion solutions by using a group of indicators, including morphological observation, quality change, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy characteristics. The results showed that the digestive efficiencies (%) were followed as the order:10%KOH > RIPA tissue lysate + Proteinase K > Proteinase K > 30%H₂O₂. In addition, PA particle quality increased after treatments, and PU particle colour slight changed after H₂O₂ treatment. Interestingly, the biodegradable plastic particles were soluble in 10% KOH completely. As expected, the infrared spectrum and Raman spectrum of plastic particles did not change before and after treatments, and the plastic particles could be identified based on their spectrum, except for the biodegradable plastic. As a conclusion, the treatment method of 10% KOH at 50℃ and 180r/min incubated for 6hours will be recommended as the preferred method for microplastic isolation from biological tissues.