规模化养牛场牛粪污综合利用研究

利用牛粪生产沼气,并将副产物有效利用是处理牛粪污的有效途径,为提高牛粪厌氧发酵的产气效率和副产物的利用率,整体工艺采用牛粪发酵前固液分离,固体进行好氧发酵回填牛卧床,分离液进行厌氧-好氧发酵,厌氧发酵产生沼气为系统增温,最后液体通过人工湿地处理达标排放。结果表明:对牛粪进行发酵前固液分离,降低了物料的粘度,利于微生物的传质,可以取得较好的产气效果,沼气通过沼气燃烧炉转化为热能为系统增温降低了其他能源的供给,同时湿地的利用也有效地改善了养牛场周边环境,为牛粪污生产沼气工程提供新思路。

New Exploration of Comprehensive Utilization of Cow Manure Generated in Large Cattle Farms

It is an effective way to treat cow manure by use of it to product biogas and utilization of its byproducts. In order to improve the biogas production efficiency of anaerobic fermentation of the dairy manure and the utilization rate of the byproducts, during the whole process, cow manure was separated by solid-liquid separator before fermentation. The solid was fermented in an aerobic way and then filled back to the cattle beds. The separated liquid was fermented in an anaerobic-aerobic way. Through anaerobic fermentation, biogas was produced and the system was warmed. Finally, the liquid went through artificial wetland for treatment and then discharged in compliance with the discharge standards. The results indicated that the pretreatment of dairy manure by solid-liquid separation before fermentation reduced viscosity of the materials and favored mass transfer of the microorganism, with good biogas production effects. Through biogas combustion furnace, the biogas was converted to heat and therefore the system was warmed and supply of other energies was reduced accordingly. Moreover, effective use of the artificial wetland also improved the environment surrounding the cattle farm, providing a new idea for biogas production engineering by use of cow manure.