基于LUCC的陕西渭北旱塬区景观生态风险评价

基于土地利用/土地覆被变化构建景观生态风险评价模型,评价了渭北旱塬区1980~2018年的生态风险状况.结果表明,随着城镇快速扩张,土地开发利用强度加大,各土地利用类型发生了不同程度的变化,其中,耕地减少量最多,共减少了636.36km²,建设用地增加量最大,共增加了496.17km²;受人口增长和退耕还林、还草政策实施等因素的影响,渭北旱塬区共有3492.40km²土地发生了转化,变化比例为8.80%,耕地、林地、草地和建设用地之间的转化最明显,转化面积为3177.22km²,占转化总面积的90.98%;研究期间,低、中低风险区面积占比由20.23%降至19.01%,中风险区面积占比由41.62%升至43.23%,中高、高风险区面积占比由38.15%降为37.77%,生态风险等级整体表现偏高,呈现出"四周低,中间高"的分布特征,高风险区主要分布在景观较破碎的地区,这些地区容易受到人类活动的干扰.此外,研究区生态风险均值呈现先上升后下降的波动降低趋势,整体生态安全有所改善,但局部地区的生态环境质量减低;研究区5期生态风险值的全局Moran’s I 指数均高于0.55,说明生态风险值在空间上呈显著的正相关性,高-高聚集区主要分布在中高、高风险区,外界活动对该区域自然生态的干扰较大,生态环境受到较为严重的破坏.

Landscape ecological risk assessment in Weibei dryland region of Shaanxi Province based on LUCC

This study constructed a landscape ecological risk evaluation model based on land use/land cover change and evaluates the ecological risk status of the Weibei dryland region from 1980 to 2018. The results showed that: With the rapid expansion of towns and cities and the growth of land development and utilization intensity, different land use types have changed to different degrees, among which, arable land decreased the most, with a total decrease of 636.36km², while construction land increased the most, with a total increase of 496.17km². Influenced by factors such as population growth and the implementation of the policy of returning farmland to forest and grass, a total of 3492.40km² of land in the Weibei dryland region was converted, with a change ratio of 8.80%. The advantage of transfer between farmland, forest land, grass and construction land was most obvious, with a conversion area of 3177.22km², accounting for 90.98% of the total transformed area. During the study period, the proportion of low and medium-low risk areas decreased from 20.23% to 19.01%, the proportion of medium-risk areas increased from 41.62% to 43.23%, and the proportion of medium-high and high-risk areas decreased from 38.15% to 37.77%, with an overall high ecological risk level, showing the distribution characteristics of "low around, high in the middle". In addition, the mean value of ecological risk in the study area shows a fluctuating trend of increasing and then decreasing, and the overall ecological safety has improved, but the quality of ecological environment in some areas has decreased. The global Moran's I index of the landscape ecological risk values of the five time nodes in the study area were all higher than 0.55, indicating a spatially significant positive correlation of ecological risk values. The "high-high" concentration areas are mainly located in the medium-high and high-risk areas, where the ecological environment has been more seriously damaged due to large-scale disturbance by human activities.